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[Cloud Security Threats: Detection and Challenges](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges?ts=markdown) Table of Contents * [What Is the Role of AI in Threat Detection?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/ai-in-threat-detection?ts=markdown) * [Why is AI Important in Modern Threat Detection?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/ai-in-threat-detection#why?ts=markdown) * [The Evolution of Threat Detection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/ai-in-threat-detection#the?ts=markdown) * [AI Capabilities to Fortify Cybersecurity Defenses](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/ai-in-threat-detection#ai?ts=markdown) * [Core Concepts of AI in Threat Detection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/ai-in-threat-detection#core?ts=markdown) * [Threat Detection Implementation Strategies](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/ai-in-threat-detection#threat?ts=markdown) * [Specific Applications of AI in Threat Detection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/ai-in-threat-detection#specific?ts=markdown) * [AI Challenges and Ethical Considerations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/ai-in-threat-detection#challenges?ts=markdown) * [Future Trends and Developments for AI in Threat Detection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/ai-in-threat-detection#future?ts=markdown) * [AI in Threat Detection FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/ai-in-threat-detection#faqs?ts=markdown) * Cloud Security Threats: Detection and Challenges * [What Is Cloud Threat Detection?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#what?ts=markdown) * [What Are the Main Types of Cloud Security Threats?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#types?ts=markdown) * [Who Is Responsible for Cloud Security Risks and Threat Detection?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#who?ts=markdown) * [What Are Key Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) in Cloud Environments?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#iocs?ts=markdown) * [What Are the Main Challenges in Cloud Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#challenges?ts=markdown) * [What Is the Role of Automation in Cloud Threat Detection?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#role?ts=markdown) * [Tools for Cloud Threat Detection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#tools?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Threat Detection Best Practices](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#practices?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Security Threats: Detection and Challenges FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#faqs?ts=markdown) # Cloud Security Threats: Detection and Challenges 5 min. read Table of Contents * * [What Is Cloud Threat Detection?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#what?ts=markdown) * [What Are the Main Types of Cloud Security Threats?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#types?ts=markdown) * [Who Is Responsible for Cloud Security Risks and Threat Detection?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#who?ts=markdown) * [What Are Key Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) in Cloud Environments?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#iocs?ts=markdown) * [What Are the Main Challenges in Cloud Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#challenges?ts=markdown) * [What Is the Role of Automation in Cloud Threat Detection?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#role?ts=markdown) * [Tools for Cloud Threat Detection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#tools?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Threat Detection Best Practices](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#practices?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Security Threats: Detection and Challenges FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#faqs?ts=markdown) 1. What Is Cloud Threat Detection? * * [What Is Cloud Threat Detection?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#what?ts=markdown) * [What Are the Main Types of Cloud Security Threats?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#types?ts=markdown) * [Who Is Responsible for Cloud Security Risks and Threat Detection?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#who?ts=markdown) * [What Are Key Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) in Cloud Environments?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#iocs?ts=markdown) * [What Are the Main Challenges in Cloud Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#challenges?ts=markdown) * [What Is the Role of Automation in Cloud Threat Detection?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#role?ts=markdown) * [Tools for Cloud Threat Detection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#tools?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Threat Detection Best Practices](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#practices?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Security Threats: Detection and Challenges FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges#faqs?ts=markdown) Cloud security threats include data breaches, insider threats, account hijacking, insecure APIs, and malware attacks. These threats target cloud environments by exploiting misconfigurations, weak access controls, or human error. Detection in cloud security involves using advanced tools like AI and machine learning to monitor, identify, and respond in real time to unusual behavior or potential security breaches. Challenges in cloud security include: * Integrating legacy systems * Managing multi-cloud and hybrid environments * Ensuring data privacy and regulatory compliance * Maintaining visibility and control over complex cloud infrastructures Addressing these requires a proactive and comprehensive approach to securing cloud environments. ## What Is Cloud Threat Detection? Cloud security threat detection focuses on identifying and responding to risks and threats in cloud environments. This includes using traditional and cloud-native security tools and techniques to detect potential issues early. Cloud threat detection should also extend to containerized applications and their infrastructure. To do this, DevSecOps teams consider cloud threats when they containerize applications. They include protections throughout the lifecycle that include cloud threat detection systems, such as vulnerability scanning, configuration management, access management, network segmentation, and monitoring. ## What Are the Main Types of Cloud Security Threats? To overcome the challenges of cloud security threat detection, it is essential to understand the types of threats organizations face---from sophisticated zero-day attacks to simple human error. The following are several commonly cited examples of security threats to cloud-based systems and applications. ### Data Breaches Data breaches and subsequent data loss are among the most concerning security threats for most organizations because of their far-reaching implications. When unauthorized access results in sensitive information being stolen from cloud environments, organizations face legal, financial, compliance, and reputational issues. ### Insecure APIs A failure to secure APIs in cloud environments allows threat actors to bypass access controls and gain direct access to cloud environments. Insecure cloud APIs are routinely exploited for attacks, such as injection attacks, machine-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, and server-side request forgery (SSRF). ### Insider Threats One of the more challenging security threats to detect is an insider threat, where an authorized user takes advantage of their access privileges to conduct malicious activity. In some cases, insider threats are related to human errors that result in a security incident. ### Misconfigurations Misconfigurations are one of the most common cloud security threats due to the expansive attack surface and preponderance of human error. Threat actors exploit cloud resources to circumvent access controls and compromise cloud environments when they are not configured correctly. ![Cloud Posture Security Solutions Can't Stop Attacks](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges/cloud-posture-security-solutions-cant-stop-attacks.png "Cloud Posture Security Solutions Can't Stop Attacks") ## Who Is Responsible for Cloud Security Risks and Threat Detection? The responsibility for identifying risks and detecting threats in cloud environments is [shared between cloud service providers and the organizations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-is-a-shared-responsibility?ts=markdown) that use their services. The delineation of responsibility varies depending on the type of cloud deployment. In public cloud environments, the cloud provider owns the infrastructure and is responsible for its security, while data protection is the responsibility of each organization. Software-as-a-service's responsibility for threat detection and prevention varies based on the provider and service offered. Examples of typical areas of responsibility for threat detection and prevention include the following: ### Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) * Organizations secure data, applications, operating systems, user access, and virtual network controls. * Cloud service providers secure compute, storage, and physical networks and manage all updates, patches, and configurations. ### Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) * Organizations secure data, user access, and applications. * Cloud service providers secure computing, storage, physical networks, virtual network controls, and operating systems. ### Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) * Organizations secure data and user access. * Cloud service providers secure computing, storage, physical networks, virtual network controls, operating systems, applications, and middleware. ## What Are Key Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) in Cloud Environments? To effectively detect and deter cloud threats, it is essential to understand what IoCs to look for and how they work. The main categories of IoCs in cloud environments are network-based, file-based, host-based, and behavioral-based IoCs. The types of activities that can alert administrators to potential cloud security threats include: * Abnormal modifications to files, applications, or the Windows Registry * Irregularities in Domain Name System (DNS) queries, such as requests for known malicious domains * Multiple failed login attempts, login from an abnormal location, or access to files unusual for a user * Obscure port usage within a network * Privileged account usage irregularities, such as administrators changing user-access settings or granting unwarranted access rights * The sudden surge in requests for sensitive files, particularly from a single user or IP address * Unexpected or unauthorized changes to configurations or access management policies * Unusual outbound network traffic, such as a data spike, leaves the network ## What Are the Main Challenges in Cloud Security? Understanding the challenges in cloud security can help teams refine cloud threat detection strategies to optimize efficacy. Each organization will have unique challenges, but the following are several of the most common challenges that security teams struggle to overcome. ### Identity and Access Management (IAM) IAM is vital to cloud security, but implementing it across complex cloud environments challenges even the best security teams. Not only must IAM strategies address role assignments, including privileged access management, but they must also consider how access is monitored. Monitoring access by various user types is critical for cloud threat detection, providing security teams with early indications of potential attacks. The challenge lies in maintaining visibility for all users across all cloud resources. ### Lack of Cloud Security Strategy and Skills Some security teams have struggled with the rapid growth in cloud environments. Since many traditional security models do not apply to this new environment, security teams must develop and implement cloud-specific security strategies. In addition, some organizations' existing teams lack the experience to develop these strategies and support cloud-specific security solutions. This deficiency requires organizations to train existing teams or recruit new team members. However, a shortage of resources with cloud security expertise makes it difficult to recruit new staff. ### Limited Visibility Many cloud environments need more visibility, making monitoring configurations, network traffic, and user activities challenging. This lack of visibility makes it difficult for security teams to detect cloud misconfigurations, unauthorized access, and other security vulnerabilities. ### Managing a Rapidly Evolving Attack Surface Cloud environments are increasingly complex, with numerous services and users being rapidly provisioned and decommissioned across exploding multi-cloud environments. This expansion creates a large, dynamic attack surface that requires continuous monitoring, assessment, and tuning to enable rapid threat detection and ensure that configurations are set correctly. ### Shadow IT Cloud systems' expansive use includes sanctioned and unsanctioned resources (i.e., shadow IT). Because cloud solutions are easily accessible, shadow IT has become more prevalent, exposing organizations to cloud security threats. These threats are difficult to detect when teams are unaware that the systems are in use. This lack of visibility and control over unauthorized cloud services means that security and IT teams cannot effectively enforce security policies or protect sensitive data. ## What Is the Role of Automation in Cloud Threat Detection? The scale of cloud environments makes [cloud security automation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud-security-automation?ts=markdown) imperative for detecting cloud security threats and ensuring a timely response. Cloud security automation tools can continuously monitor potential threats across cloud infrastructure and services. Leveraging cloud security automation helps teams safeguard data, applications, and infrastructure within cloud environments. Unlike traditional manual monitoring methods, cloud-specific security automation tools are designed to keep pace with the volume and sophistication of cloud-focused cyber threats. These AI-driven tools enable real-time cloud threat detection and analysis across complex multi-cloud environments. ## Tools for Cloud Threat Detection Despite the preponderance of cloud security threats, a number of tools are available to protect cloud environments. Many of these solutions are AI-driven, leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning to enable granular threat detection and analysis and support a zero-trust security model. The following are several cloud security tools available to protect cloud environments. ### Cloud Detection and Response (CDR) [CDR solutions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-detection-and-response-cdr?ts=markdown) are purpose-built for cloud environments. They are designed to provide real-time threat detection and automated response capabilities to provide effective security for cloud environments. Also referred to as cloud-native detection and response (CNDR) and cloud threat detection and response (CTDR), CDR solutions collect and analyze data from various sources, such as network traffic, cloud logs, and user activity, to help organizations detect and respond to threats. ### Cloud-Access Security Brokers (CASBs) A cloud access security broker (CASB) is an intermediary between users and cloud service providers to enforce security policies (e.g., multi-factor authentication). CASBs offer visibility into cloud application usage across multiple cloud services to facilitate cloud security threat detection. ### Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM) [CIEM solutions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-ciem?ts=markdown) manage access permissions and entitlements in cloud environments to prevent excessive access rights and privileges. Using CIEM solutions helps security teams detect and mitigate cloud security risks and threats associated with entitlements that grant a higher than-required level of access, which supports zero-trust security models. ### Cloud Native Application Protection Platform (CNAPP) [CNAPPs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-cloud-native-application-protection-platform?ts=markdown) combine functionality for cloud security posture management (CSPM), cloud workload protection platforms (CWPPs), cloud Infrastructure entitlement management (CIEM), and CI/CD security into a unified, end-to-end solution. This approach provides visibility across silos and allows security teams to protect cloud-native applications across the entire application lifecycle. With CNAPPs, a single platform can protect applications at runtime while integrating security into development workflows to help DevSecOps teams detect and fix flaws that cloud security threats can exploit. ### Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) [CSPM solutions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) automate the detection and remediation of misconfigurations across cloud environments. Purpose-built for cloud computing, CSPM tools help security teams continuously monitor and detect threats in cloud environments, including infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS). ### Cloud Workload Protection Platforms (CWPPs) A [CWPP i](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cwpp-cloud-workload-protection-platform?ts=markdown)s engineered to address the unique requirements of protecting workloads in cloud environments. Cloud security threats can be detected in workloads hosted across public, private, and hybrid clouds. CWPP provides comprehensive cloud security threat detection capabilities, including vulnerability identification, host intrusion detection and prevention, and behavioral monitoring of cloud workloads ### Kubernetes Security Posture Management (KSPM) [KSPM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm?ts=markdown) is a cloud-native security solution that automatically detect vulnerabilities and remediate security threats for all Kubernetes resources. Critical for maintaining visibility and enforcing security controls across increasingly complex Kubernetes environments, KSPM solutions automate security scans across Kubernetes clusters to detect threats, assess and categorize threats, and identify Kubernetes misconfigurations. ### User Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) [UEBA solutions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-user-entity-behavior-analytics-ueba?ts=markdown) leverage artificial intelligence and machine learning to detect user and entity behavior anomalies within an organization's network and cloud environments. The advanced threat detection capabilities play a critical role in identifying sophisticated cloud security threats, such as insider threats, compromised accounts, or advanced persistent threats (APTs). ## Cloud Threat Detection Best Practices There are many approaches and solutions to support cloud threat detection. The following are several proven best practices that should be included in security plans to ensure the efficacy of cloud threat detection efforts. ### Proactively Hunt Cloud Security Threats Conduct regular threat-hunting exercises to detect and address potential vulnerabilities and threats proactively. Key elements to include in threat hunting are: * Searching for hidden or evolving threats within cloud infrastructure, applications, and workloads * Collecting and monitoring security data to detect usual behavior by human and machine users * Integrating threat intelligence feeds into threat-hunting exercises * Applying MITRE ATT\&CK Cloud Matrix techniques for guidance on potential attack vectors ### Implement a Zero-Trust Security Strategy Apply the principles of zero-trust to cloud security programs. These include: * Enforcing least-privilege access controls * Using micro-segmentation across networks with sensitive data and services * Monitoring and verifying the identity and trust levels of all users, devices, and applications continuously * Assuming that a breach has occurred and having incident response plans in place * Securing every endpoint and workload ### Test Cloud Threat Detection Systems Regular testing of cloud security detection tools is conducted to confirm that they are performing according to expectations and that response mechanisms are working effectively. These exercises proactively identify gaps in detection and response capabilities. Methods for testing cloud security detection capabilities include simulated attack scenarios (i.e., red team-blue team and purple team exercises), breach and attack simulation tools, penetration testing, and adversary emulation. ## Cloud Security Threats: Detection and Challenges FAQs ### What are the most common threats in cloud environments? The most common threats in cloud environments are data breaches, insecure APIs, insider threats, and misconfigurations. Other common threats include account hijacking, malware injections, denial-of-service attacks, and inadequate identity and access management (IAM) policies. These threats impact public, private, and hybrid cloud environments. ### How can AI enhance cloud threat detection? [Artificial intelligence (AI)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-precision-ai?ts=markdown) is used in many cloud threat detection solutions. AI enhances cloud threat detection by enabling faster and more accurate identification of threats through real-time analysis of vast data sets (e.g., security log data and threat intelligence feeds). It leverages machine learning models to detect anomalies, such as unusual login patterns or unauthorized access, that may indicate a cloud security threat. AI-powered tools continuously adapt to evolving threats by learning from new data, enhancing the ability to identify attacks that leverage cloud-specific phishing ploys or ransomware. Additionally, AI-powered security tools enable predictive analytics to identify threats proactively. ### What are the three categories of security threats? Cyber threats abound, and organizations face attacks from every vector imaginable. Viruses, ransomware, and phishing attacks are the most commonly cited security threats across all sectors. Cloud-specific viruses include cloud-native ransomware, cloud cryptojacking, cloud worms and bots, and malicious APIs and SDKs. Cloud-specific ransomware targets data stored, processed, or backed up in cloud environments, exploiting the interconnectedness of cloud systems to infect multiple workloads or systems across virtualized environments. Phishing attacks targeting cloud accounts are often launched from compromised accounts and seek to expand the initial foothold. ### What are the three categories of cloud security? The three categories of cloud security are IaaS security to protect cloud infrastructure, SaaS security for cloud applications, and PaaS security to secure data in cloud environments. IaaS includes identity and access management (IAM), network segmentation, firewall protections, encryption of data at rest and in transit, configuration management for virtual machines and cloud instances, and cloud workload protection platforms (CWPPs). Cloud application security protects SaaS applications and services. It includes application security controls, identity federation (e.g., single sign-on and multi-factor authentication), data loss prevention (DL), cloud access security broker (CASB) policies, and secure API management. PaaS security protects data stored or processed in the cloud, including encryption, backup and recovery, secure data sharing, access controls, and monitoring. ### What are the three main pillars of a cloud security strategy? The main pillars of an effective cloud security strategy are identity, access, and visibility. Identity requires systems and processes to ensure that users have the appropriate access levels and confirm they are who they purport to be. Network and device security provides access controls vital to protecting cloud environments. Finally, visibility is crucial for detecting potential security threats and risks. Related content [What is Cloud Detection and Response? Cloud detection and response (CDR), also referred to as cloud-native detection and response (CNDR) and cloud threat detection and response (CTDR), provides threat prevention, detec...](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-detection-and-response-cdr?ts=markdown) [Cortex Cloud Detection and Response (CDR) Stop cloud attacks in their tracks with CDR with the most complete CNAPP context paired with best-in-class runtime protection from a unified platform.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud-detection-and-response?ts=markdown) [Cortex CDR Datasheet In this datasheet, you'll learn how Cortex CDR unifies security operations into a single, comprehensive platform capable of providing real-time visibility and protection across you...](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/datasheets/cloud-detection-response-cdr?ts=markdown) [Cortex XDR Cloud Cortex XDR Cloud utilizes the Extended Detection and Response principle of gathering appropriate data from the host, traffic and identity and enriching, modeling \& analyzing, detec...](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/techbriefs/cortex-xdr-cloud?ts=markdown) ![Share page on facebook](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/facebook-circular-icon.svg) ![Share page on linkedin](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/linkedin-circular-icon.svg) [![Share page by an email](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/email-circular-icon.svg)](mailto:?subject=Cloud%20Security%20Threats%3A%20Detection%20and%20Challenges&body=Discover%20essential%20insights%20into%20cloud%20security%20threats%2C%20risks%2C%20and%20challenges%20to%20enhance%20your%20IT%20strategy%20and%20protect%20vital%20cloud%20infrastructure%20effectively.%20at%20https%3A//www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/cloud-security-threats-detection-and-challenges) Back to Top [Previous](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/ai-in-threat-detection?ts=markdown) What Is the Role of AI in Threat Detection? {#footer} ## 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