[](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/?ts=markdown) * Sign In * Customer * Partner * Employee * [Login to download](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/login?ts=markdown) * [Join us to become a member](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/login?screenToRender=traditionalRegistration&ts=markdown) * EN * [USA (ENGLISH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com) * [AUSTRALIA (ENGLISH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com.au) * [BRAZIL (PORTUGUÉS)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com.br) * [CANADA (ENGLISH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.ca) * [CHINA (简体中文)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.cn) * [FRANCE (FRANÇAIS)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.fr) * [GERMANY (DEUTSCH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.de) * [INDIA (ENGLISH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.in) * [ITALY (ITALIANO)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.it) * [JAPAN (日本語)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.jp) * [KOREA (한국어)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.co.kr) * [LATIN AMERICA (ESPAÑOL)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.lat) * [MEXICO (ESPAÑOL)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com.mx) * [SINGAPORE (ENGLISH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.sg) * [SPAIN (ESPAÑOL)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.es) * [TAIWAN (繁體中文)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.tw) * [UK (ENGLISH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.co.uk) * ![magnifying glass search icon to open search field](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/search-black.svg) * [Contact Us](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/company/contact-sales?ts=markdown) * [What's New](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources?ts=markdown) * [Get Support](https://support.paloaltonetworks.com/SupportAccount/MyAccount) * [Under Attack?](https://start.paloaltonetworks.com/contact-unit42.html) ![x close icon to close mobile navigation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/x-black.svg) [![Palo Alto Networks logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/pan-logo-dark.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/?ts=markdown) ![magnifying glass search icon to open search field](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/search-black.svg) * [](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/?ts=markdown) * Products ![black arrow pointing left to go back to main navigation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/arrow-right-black.svg) Products [AI-Powered Network Security Platform](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security?ts=markdown) * [AI Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security?ts=markdown) * [Prisma AIRS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-ai-runtime-security?ts=markdown) * [AI Access Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/ai-access-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Delivered Security Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/security-subscriptions?ts=markdown) * [Advanced Threat Prevention](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-threat-prevention?ts=markdown) * [Advanced URL Filtering](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-url-filtering?ts=markdown) * [Advanced WildFire](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-wildfire?ts=markdown) * [Advanced DNS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-dns-security?ts=markdown) * [Enterprise Data Loss Prevention](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/enterprise-data-loss-prevention?ts=markdown) * [Enterprise Device Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/enterprise-device-security?ts=markdown) * [Medical Device Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/medical-device-security?ts=markdown) * [Next-Gen Trust Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/next-gen-trust-security?ts=markdown) * [OT Device Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/ot-device-security?ts=markdown) * [Next-Generation Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/next-generation-firewall?ts=markdown) * [Hardware Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/hardware-firewall-innovations?ts=markdown) * [Software Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/software-firewalls?ts=markdown) * [Strata Cloud Manager](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/strata-cloud-manager?ts=markdown) * [SD-WAN for NGFW](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/sd-wan-subscription?ts=markdown) * [PAN-OS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/pan-os?ts=markdown) * [Panorama](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/panorama?ts=markdown) * [Secure Access Service Edge](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown) * [Prisma SASE](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown) * [Application Acceleration](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/app-acceleration?ts=markdown) * [Autonomous Digital Experience Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/adem?ts=markdown) * [Enterprise DLP](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/enterprise-data-loss-prevention?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/access?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Browser](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/prisma-browser?ts=markdown) * [Prisma SD-WAN](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/sd-wan?ts=markdown) * [Remote Browser Isolation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/remote-browser-isolation?ts=markdown) * [SaaS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/saas-security?ts=markdown) [AI-Driven Security Operations Platform](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown) * [Cortex Cloud](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown) * [Application Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/application-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Posture Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-posture-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Runtime Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/runtime-security?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Cloud](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/cloud?ts=markdown) * [AI-Driven SOC](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown) * [Cortex XSIAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsiam?ts=markdown) * [Cortex XDR](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xdr?ts=markdown) * [Cortex AgentiX](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/agentix?ts=markdown) * [Cortex XSOAR](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsoar?ts=markdown) * [Cortex Exposure Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/exposure-management?ts=markdown) * [Cortex Xpanse](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xpanse?ts=markdown) * [Cortex Advanced Email Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/advanced-email-security?ts=markdown) * [Unit 42 Managed Detection \& Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/managed-detection-and-response?ts=markdown) * [Unit 42 Managed XSIAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/managed-xsiam?ts=markdown) [Next-Generation Identity Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira?ts=markdown) * [Privileged Access Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/privileged-access-management?ts=markdown) * [Identity and Access Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/identity-and-access-management?ts=markdown) * [Endpoint Privilege Manager](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/endpoint-privilege-manager?ts=markdown) * [Identity Governance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/identity-governance?ts=markdown) * [Workforce Password Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/workforce-password-management?ts=markdown) * [Agentic Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/agentic?ts=markdown) * [Secrets Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/secrets-management?ts=markdown) * [Unified Secrets Governance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/unified-secrets-governance?ts=markdown) * [Application Credentials Delivery](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/application-credentials-delivery?ts=markdown) * [Vendor Privileged Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/vendor-privileged-access?ts=markdown) * Solutions ![black arrow pointing left to go back to main navigation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/arrow-right-black.svg) Solutions Secure AI by Design * [Secure AI Ecosystem](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-ai-runtime-security?ts=markdown) * [Secure GenAI Usage](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/ai-access-security?ts=markdown) Network Security * [Cloud Network Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/software-firewalls?ts=markdown) * [Data Center Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/data-center?ts=markdown) * [DNS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-dns-security?ts=markdown) * [Intrusion Detection and Prevention](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-threat-prevention?ts=markdown) * [Device Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/device-security?ts=markdown) * [OT Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/ot-security-solution?ts=markdown) * [5G Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/5g-security?ts=markdown) * [Secure All Apps, Users and Locations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/secure-users-data-apps-devices?ts=markdown) * [Secure Branch Transformation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/secure-branch-transformation?ts=markdown) * [Secure Work on Any Device](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/secure-work-on-any-device?ts=markdown) * [VPN Replacement](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/vpn-replacement-for-secure-remote-access?ts=markdown) * [Web \& Phishing Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-url-filtering?ts=markdown) Cloud Security * [Application Security Posture Management (ASPM)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/application-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) * [Software Supply Chain Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/software-supply-chain-security?ts=markdown) * [Code Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/code-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-infrastructure-entitlement-management?ts=markdown) * [Data Security Posture Management (DSPM)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/data-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) * [AI Security Posture Management (AI-SPM)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/ai-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Detection and Response (CDR)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud-detection-and-response?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Workload Protection (CWP)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-workload-protection?ts=markdown) * [Web Application \& API Security (WAAS)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/web-app-api-security?ts=markdown) Security Operations * [Cloud Detection and Response (CDR)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud-detection-and-response?ts=markdown) * [Security Information and Event Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/modernize-siem?ts=markdown) * [Network Security Automation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/network-security-automation?ts=markdown) * [Incident Case Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/incident-case-management?ts=markdown) * [SOC Automation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/security-operations-automation?ts=markdown) * [Threat Intel Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/threat-intel-management?ts=markdown) * [Managed Detection \& Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/managed-detection-and-response?ts=markdown) * [Attack Surface Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xpanse/attack-surface-management?ts=markdown) * [Compliance Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xpanse/compliance-management?ts=markdown) * [Internet Operations Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xpanse/internet-operations-management?ts=markdown) * [Extended Data Lake (XDL)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xdl?ts=markdown) * [Agentic Assistant](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-agentic-assistant?ts=markdown) Endpoint Security * [Endpoint Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/endpoint-protection?ts=markdown) * [Extended Detection \& Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/detection-and-response?ts=markdown) * [Ransomware Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/ransomware-protection?ts=markdown) * [Digital Forensics](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/digital-forensics?ts=markdown) Identity Security * [Human Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human?ts=markdown) * [Machine Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine?ts=markdown) * [Agentic Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/agentic?ts=markdown) [Industries](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry?ts=markdown) * [Public Sector](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/public-sector?ts=markdown) * [Financial Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/financial-services?ts=markdown) * [Manufacturing](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/manufacturing?ts=markdown) * [Healthcare](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/healthcare?ts=markdown) * [Small \& Medium Business Solutions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/small-medium-business-portfolio?ts=markdown) * Services ![black arrow pointing left to go back to main navigation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/arrow-right-black.svg) Services [Threat Intel and Incident Response Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42?ts=markdown) * [Assess](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess?ts=markdown) * [Frontier AI Defense](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/ai-advantage?ts=markdown) * [AI Security Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/ai-security-assessment?ts=markdown) * [Attack Surface Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/attack-surface-assessment?ts=markdown) * [Breach Readiness Review](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/breach-readiness-review?ts=markdown) * [BEC Readiness Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/bec-readiness-assessment?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Security Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/cloud-security-assessment?ts=markdown) * [Compromise Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/compromise-assessment?ts=markdown) * [Cyber Risk Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/cyber-risk-assessment?ts=markdown) * [M\&A Cyber Due Diligence](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/mergers-acquisitions-cyber-due-diligence?ts=markdown) * [Penetration Testing](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/penetration-testing?ts=markdown) * [Purple Team Exercises](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/purple-teaming?ts=markdown) * [Ransomware Readiness Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/ransomware-readiness-assessment?ts=markdown) * [SOC Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/soc-assessment?ts=markdown) * [Supply Chain Risk Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/supply-chain-risk-assessment?ts=markdown) * [Tabletop Exercises](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess/tabletop-exercise?ts=markdown) * [Unit 42 Retainer](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/retainer?ts=markdown) * [Respond](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Incident Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond/cloud-incident-response?ts=markdown) * [Digital Forensics](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond/digital-forensics?ts=markdown) * [Incident Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond/incident-response?ts=markdown) * [Managed Detection and Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond/managed-detection-response?ts=markdown) * [Managed Threat Hunting](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond/managed-threat-hunting?ts=markdown) * [Managed XSIAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/managed-xsiam?ts=markdown) * [Unit 42 Retainer](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/retainer?ts=markdown) * [Transform](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/transform?ts=markdown) * [IR Plan Development and Review](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/transform/incident-response-plan-development-review?ts=markdown) * [Security Program Design](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/transform/security-program-design?ts=markdown) * [Virtual CISO](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/transform/vciso?ts=markdown) * [Zero Trust Advisory](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/transform/zero-trust-advisory?ts=markdown) [Global Customer Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services?ts=markdown) * [Education \& Training](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/education?ts=markdown) * [Professional Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/consulting?ts=markdown) * [Success Tools](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/customer-success-tools?ts=markdown) * [Support Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/solution-assurance?ts=markdown) * [Customer Success](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/customer-success?ts=markdown) [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/logo-unit-42.svg) UNIT 42 RETAINER Custom-built to fit your organization's needs, you can choose to allocate your retainer hours to any of our offerings, including proactive cyber risk management services. Learn how you can put the world-class Unit 42 Incident Response team on speed dial. Learn more](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/retainer?ts=markdown) * Partners ![black arrow pointing left to go back to main navigation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/arrow-right-black.svg) Partners NextWave Partners * [NextWave Partner Community](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Service Providers](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/nextwave-for-csp?ts=markdown) * [Global Systems Integrators](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/nextwave-for-gsi?ts=markdown) * [Technology Partners](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/technology-partners?ts=markdown) * [Service Providers](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/service-providers?ts=markdown) * [Solution Providers](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/nextwave-solution-providers?ts=markdown) * [Managed Security Service Providers](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/managed-security-service-providers?ts=markdown) Take Action * [Portal Login](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/nextwave-partner-portal?ts=markdown) * [Managed Services Program](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/managed-security-services-provider-program?ts=markdown) * [Become a Partner](https://paloaltonetworks.my.site.com/NextWavePartnerProgram/s/partnerregistration?type=becomepartner) * [Request Access](https://paloaltonetworks.my.site.com/NextWavePartnerProgram/s/partnerregistration?type=requestaccess) * [Find a Partner](https://paloaltonetworks.my.site.com/NextWavePartnerProgram/s/partnerlocator) [CYBERFORCE CYBERFORCE represents the top 1% of partner engineers trusted for their security expertise. Learn more](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberforce?ts=markdown) * Company ![black arrow pointing left to go back to main navigation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/arrow-right-black.svg) Company Palo Alto Networks * [About Us](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/about-us?ts=markdown) * [Management Team](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/about-us/management?ts=markdown) * [Investor Relations](https://investors.paloaltonetworks.com) * [Locations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/about-us/locations?ts=markdown) * [Ethics \& Compliance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/company/ethics-and-compliance?ts=markdown) * [Corporate Responsibility](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/about-us/corporate-responsibility?ts=markdown) * [Military \& Veterans](https://jobs.paloaltonetworks.com/military) [Why Palo Alto Networks?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/why-paloaltonetworks?ts=markdown) * [Precision AI Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/precision-ai-security?ts=markdown) * [Our Platform Approach](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/why-paloaltonetworks/platformization?ts=markdown) * [Accelerate Your Cybersecurity Transformation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/why-paloaltonetworks/nam-cxo-portfolio?ts=markdown) * [Awards \& Recognition](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/about-us/awards?ts=markdown) * [Customer Stories](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/customers?ts=markdown) * [Global Certifications](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal-notices/trust-center/compliance?ts=markdown) * [Trust 360 Program](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/whitepapers/trust-360?ts=markdown) Careers * [Overview](https://jobs.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Culture \& Benefits](https://jobs.paloaltonetworks.com/en/culture/) [A Newsweek Most Loved Workplace "Businesses that do right by their employees" Read more](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/company/press/2021/palo-alto-networks-secures-top-ranking-on-newsweek-s-most-loved-workplaces-list-for-2021?ts=markdown) * More ![black arrow pointing left to go back to main navigation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/arrow-right-black.svg) More Resources * [Blog](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/?ts=markdown) * [Unit 42 Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Communities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/communities?ts=markdown) * [Content Library](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources?ts=markdown) * [Cyberpedia](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia?ts=markdown) * [Tech Insider](https://techinsider.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Knowledge Base](https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Palo Alto Networks TV](https://tv.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Perspectives of Leaders](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/perspectives/?ts=markdown) * [Cyber Perspectives Magazine](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cybersecurity-perspectives/cyber-perspectives-magazine?ts=markdown) * [Regional Cloud Locations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/regional-cloud-locations?ts=markdown) * [Tech Docs](https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Security Posture Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/security-posture-assessment?ts=markdown) * [Threat Vector Podcast](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit-42-threat-vector-podcast/) * [Packet Pushers Podcasts](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/podcasts/packet-pusher?ts=markdown) Connect * [LIVE community](https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Events](https://events.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Executive Briefing Center](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/about-us/executive-briefing-program?ts=markdown) * [Demos](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/demos?ts=markdown) * [Contact us](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/company/contact-sales?ts=markdown) [Blog Stay up-to-date on industry trends and the latest innovations from the world's largest cybersecurity Learn more](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/) * Sign In ![black arrow pointing left to go back to main navigation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/arrow-right-black.svg) Sign In * Customer * Partner * Employee * [Login to download](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/login?ts=markdown) * [Join us to become a member](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/login?screenToRender=traditionalRegistration&ts=markdown) * EN ![black arrow pointing left to go back to main navigation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/arrow-right-black.svg) Language * [USA (ENGLISH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com) * [AUSTRALIA (ENGLISH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com.au) * [BRAZIL (PORTUGUÉS)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com.br) * [CANADA (ENGLISH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.ca) * [CHINA (简体中文)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.cn) * [FRANCE (FRANÇAIS)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.fr) * [GERMANY (DEUTSCH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.de) * [INDIA (ENGLISH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.in) * [ITALY (ITALIANO)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.it) * [JAPAN (日本語)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.jp) * [KOREA (한국어)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.co.kr) * [LATIN AMERICA (ESPAÑOL)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.lat) * [MEXICO (ESPAÑOL)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com.mx) * [SINGAPORE (ENGLISH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.sg) * [SPAIN (ESPAÑOL)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.es) * [TAIWAN (繁體中文)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.tw) * [UK (ENGLISH)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.co.uk) * [Contact Us](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/company/contact-sales?ts=markdown) * [What's New](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources?ts=markdown) * [Get support](https://support.paloaltonetworks.com/SupportAccount/MyAccount) * [Under Attack?](https://start.paloaltonetworks.com/contact-unit42.html) * [Demos and Trials](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/get-started?ts=markdown) Search All * [Tech Docs](https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/search) Close search modal [Introducing Idira, the next-generation identity security platform.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira?ts=markdown) [](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/?ts=markdown) 1. [Cyberpedia](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia?ts=markdown) 2. [What Are SRE Fundamentals: SLA vs SLO vs SLI?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli?ts=markdown) Table of contents * What Are SRE Fundamentals: SLA vs SLO vs SLI? * [SRE Fundamentals Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#sre-fundamentals?ts=markdown) * [SLA vs. SLO vs. SLI: A Comparative Framework](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#sla-vs-slo?ts=markdown) * [Breaking Down the Components: SLI, SLO, and SLA](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#components?ts=markdown) * [The Strategic Role of Error Budgets in SRE](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#strategic-role?ts=markdown) * [Best Practices for Implementing SRE Metrics](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#best-practices?ts=markdown) * [SRE Fundamentals FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is Observability in AI Models?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/observability-in-ai-models?ts=markdown) * [Observability Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/observability-in-ai-models#explained?ts=markdown) * [Observability Data Types](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/observability-in-ai-models#types?ts=markdown) * [Observability Tools for Cloud Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/observability-in-ai-models#tools?ts=markdown) * [Observability FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/observability-in-ai-models#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is OpenTelemetry (OTel)?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-open-telemetry?ts=markdown) * [OpenTelemetry Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-open-telemetry#openTelemetry-explained?ts=markdown) * [The Three Pillars of OTel Signals](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-open-telemetry#the-three-pillars-of-OTel-signals?ts=markdown) * [Strategic Benefits and Advantages](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-open-telemetry#strategic-benefits-and-advantages?ts=markdown) * [Implementation Best Practices](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-open-telemetry#implementation-best-practices?ts=markdown) * [OpenTelemetry FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-open-telemetry#OpenTelemetry-faq?ts=markdown) * [What Is High Cardinality in Observability?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-high-cardinality?ts=markdown) * [High Cardinality Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-high-cardinality#explained?ts=markdown) * [Why High Cardinality Matters in Observability](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-high-cardinality#observability?ts=markdown) * [Cardinality vs. Dimensionality](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-high-cardinality#cardinality?ts=markdown) * [How High Cardinality Happens](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-high-cardinality#happens?ts=markdown) * [The Impact of High Cardinality on Observability Systems](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-high-cardinality#impact?ts=markdown) * [Example: How Cardinality Multiplies](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-high-cardinality#multiplies?ts=markdown) * [How to Reduce High Cardinality](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-high-cardinality#reduce?ts=markdown) * [Metrics vs. Logs vs. Traces for High-Cardinality Data](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-high-cardinality#metrics?ts=markdown) * [Best Practices for Managing High Cardinality](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-high-cardinality#practices?ts=markdown) * [Why High Cardinality Is a Governance Problem](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-high-cardinality#governance?ts=markdown) * [FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-high-cardinality#faq?ts=markdown) # What Are SRE Fundamentals: SLA vs SLO vs SLI? 8 min. read Table of contents * * [SRE Fundamentals Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#sre-fundamentals?ts=markdown) * [SLA vs. SLO vs. SLI: A Comparative Framework](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#sla-vs-slo?ts=markdown) * [Breaking Down the Components: SLI, SLO, and SLA](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#components?ts=markdown) * [The Strategic Role of Error Budgets in SRE](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#strategic-role?ts=markdown) * [Best Practices for Implementing SRE Metrics](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#best-practices?ts=markdown) * [SRE Fundamentals FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#faqs?ts=markdown) 1. SRE Fundamentals Explained * * [SRE Fundamentals Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#sre-fundamentals?ts=markdown) * [SLA vs. SLO vs. SLI: A Comparative Framework](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#sla-vs-slo?ts=markdown) * [Breaking Down the Components: SLI, SLO, and SLA](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#components?ts=markdown) * [The Strategic Role of Error Budgets in SRE](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#strategic-role?ts=markdown) * [Best Practices for Implementing SRE Metrics](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#best-practices?ts=markdown) * [SRE Fundamentals FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli#faqs?ts=markdown) SRE fundamentals (SLAs, SLOs, and SLIs) represent a hierarchical framework used by Site Reliability Engineering teams to define, measure, and guarantee service reliability. Service Level Indicators (SLIs) provide real-time performance data, which inform internal Service Level Objectives (SLOs). These objectives then underpin Service Level Agreements (SLAs), the formal, legally binding commitments made to external customers. Key Points * **Reliability Framework**: Establishing a clear hierarchy from raw metrics to contractual obligations ensures operational transparency. \* **Data-Driven Decisions**: Utilizing SLIs allows teams to move beyond intuition and make infrastructure adjustments based on quantitative performance. \* **Customer Trust**: Implementing rigorous SLOs that exceed SLA requirements provides a safety buffer that protects business reputation. \* **Error Budgets**: Adopting SLO-based error budgets balances the need for rapid feature deployment with the necessity of system stability. \* **Accountability**: Defining clear SLAs ensures that both service providers and clients understand the financial or service-based consequences of downtime. ## SRE Fundamentals Explained In modern infrastructure management, "reliability" is not a vague aspiration but a strictly quantified requirement. Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) utilizes a specialized trio of metrics, SLI, SLO, and SLA, to bridge the gap between technical performance and business expectations. Google popularized the concepts of Service Level Indicators (SLIs) and Service Level Objectives (SLOs) as core components of their Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) practices, detailed extensively in their [SRE books](https://sre.google/workbook/table-of-contents/). This framework functions as a cascading system of accountability. It begins with the SLI, which acts as the pulse of the system, measuring specific quantitative behaviors like latency, error rates, or throughput. These indicators feed into the SLO, which defines the target range for those metrics. For engineering teams, the SLO is the most critical internal benchmark because it dictates the "error budget", the acceptable threshold of failure that allows for innovation without compromising the user experience. If a system's SLO is 99.9% uptime, the 0.1% allowable downtime represents the window where engineers can push updates or conduct maintenance. The Service Level Agreement (SLA) is the external manifestation of these internal goals. It is a formal contract between the provider and the end-user, outlining what happens if the service fails to meet its targets. While SREs focus on the technical precision of SLIs and SLOs, the SLA protects the organization from a business and legal perspective. Together, these fundamentals ensure that every stakeholder, from the C-suite to the DevOps engineer, has a unified understanding of what constitutes a "healthy" and "available" service. ## SLA vs. SLO vs. SLI: A Comparative Framework Understanding the nuances between these terms requires analyzing their different purposes, audiences, and consequences. | Feature | Service Level Indicator (SLI) | Service Level Objective (SLO) | Service Level Agreement (SLA) | | Primary Question | What is the current performance? | What should the performance be? | What are the consequences of failure? | | Measurement | Numerical metric (e.g., ms) | Percentage over time (e.g., 99.9%) | Contractual obligation | | Penalty | None (Immediate Alerting) | Policy-driven (Feature Freeze) | Financial or legal repercussions | |------------------|----------------------------------|------------------------------------|---------------------------------------| ## Breaking Down the Components: SLI, SLO, and SLA Reliability metrics function effectively only when their technical scope and intended audience clearly differentiate them. ### Service Level Indicators (SLI): The Quantitative Pulse An SLI is a direct measurement of a service's performance at a specific point in time. Common indicators include request latency, the ratio of successful to failed HTTP requests, or system throughput. In a cloud-native environment, SLIs provide the raw data necessary to determine if a system is behaving as expected. #### Choosing the Right SLIs for Service Reliability The most useful SLIs measure service behavior from the user's point of view, not just internal system activity. For DevOps and SRE teams, a meaningful SLI should correlate with customer satisfaction by demonstrating whether the service is available, fast, accurate, and reliable enough for users to complete their intended tasks. Examples include the percentage of successful requests, p95 latency for a critical workflow, or the rate of valid transactions completed without error. SLIs should also be aggregated over a reasonable time period so teams can identify real reliability trends instead of reacting to short-term noise. ### Service Level Objectives (SLO): The Internal Goal The SLO is the target value or range of values for a service level that is measured by an SLI. While an SLI measures a moment in time, an SLO sets the standard for a specific duration, such as a rolling 30-day window. If the SLI is "latency," the SLO might be "99% of requests must be fulfilled in under 200 milliseconds." ### Service Level Agreements (SLA): The External Commitment An SLA is a formal agreement between a service provider and a client. It defines the expected level of service and the remedies or penalties (usually financial credits) if those levels are not met. SLAs are almost always less stringent than internal SLOs to provide a necessary buffer for the engineering team. ## The Strategic Role of Error Budgets in SRE The error budget is the mathematical difference between perfect reliability (100%) and the established SLO. ### Balancing Innovation with Stability Error budgets provide a clear framework for decision-making regarding software releases. If a team has a 99.9% availability SLO, they have an error budget of 0.1% downtime per month. As long as the budget is not exhausted, the team can continue to deploy new features and experimental code. ### Consequence of a Depleted Error Budget Once an error budget is spent, the SRE policy typically dictates a "freeze" on all non-essential production changes. Engineering resources are then reallocated from feature development to reliability improvements and bug fixes. This ensures that the system returns to a stable state before further risks are taken. ## Best Practices for Implementing SRE Metrics Successful implementation requires a culture of transparency and a focus on the end-user. ### Start with the User Journey Metrics should reflect what the user experiences, not just what the server reports. If a database is healthy but the user cannot log in because of a faulty authentication gateway, the service is "down" from the user's perspective. Align your SLIs with critical user paths to ensure meaningful measurement. ### Automate Monitoring and Alerting Manually tracking SLIs is unsustainable in complex distributed systems. Utilize observability platforms to automate the collection of metrics and trigger alerts immediately when a trend indicates an impending SLO breach. This proactive approach allows teams to intervene before the SLA is impacted. ### Review and Iterate Periodically Reliability targets are not static. As your infrastructure evolves and user expectations change, you must revisit your SLOs. Regularly reviewing performance data ensures that your targets remain challenging enough to drive excellence but realistic enough to prevent engineer burnout. ## SRE Fundamentals FAQs ### What is the difference between an SLO and an SLA? An SLO is an internal goal used by engineering teams to manage performance, while an SLA is a legal contract with a customer that includes penalties for non-performance. Typically, the SLO is set to be more aggressive than the SLA to provide a buffer against potential user impacting incidences. ### How do you calculate an error budget? The error budget is calculated by subtracting your SLO from 100%. For example, if your SLO is 99.9% uptime, your error budget is 0.1% of the total time in a given period (approximately 43 minutes per month). ### Can you have an SLO without an SLA? Yes. Most internal services have SLOs to ensure reliability and performance between different departments within a company, even if no formal legal contract (SLA) exists between those internal teams. ### Why are SLIs important in SRE? SLIs are important because they provide the objective, data-driven evidence needed to judge whether an SLO is being met. Without accurate SLIs, a team cannot mathematically determine if their service is reliable. ### How many SLIs should a service have? It is generally recommended to focus on a few "golden signals" rather than tracking dozens of metrics. Most services benefit from 3 to 5 high-level SLIs that capture the essence of the user experience. ![Share page on facebook](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/facebook-circular-icon.svg) ![Share page on linkedin](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/linkedin-circular-icon.svg) [![Share page by an email](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/email-circular-icon.svg)](mailto:?subject=What%20Are%20SRE%20Fundamentals%3A%20SLA%20vs%20SLO%20vs%20SLI%3F&body=Learn%20the%20critical%20differences%20between%20SLI%2C%20SLO%2C%20and%20SLA.%20See%20how%20Site%20Reliability%20Engineering%20teams%20use%20these%20metrics%20to%20balance%20innovation%20and%20uptime.%20at%20https%3A//www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/sre-fundamentals-sla-vs-slo-vs-sli) Back to Top [Next](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/observability-in-ai-models?ts=markdown) What Is Observability in AI Models? {#footer} Products and Services * [AI-Powered Network Security Platform](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security?ts=markdown) * [Secure AI by Design](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security?ts=markdown) * [Prisma AIRS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-ai-runtime-security?ts=markdown) * [AI Access Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/ai-access-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Delivered Security Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/security-subscriptions?ts=markdown) * [Advanced Threat Prevention](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-threat-prevention?ts=markdown) * [Advanced URL Filtering](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-url-filtering?ts=markdown) * [Advanced WildFire](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-wildfire?ts=markdown) * [Advanced DNS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-dns-security?ts=markdown) * [Enterprise Data Loss Prevention](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/enterprise-data-loss-prevention?ts=markdown) * [Enterprise IoT Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/enterprise-device-security?ts=markdown) * [Medical IoT Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/medical-device-security?ts=markdown) * [Industrial OT Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/medical-device-security?ts=markdown) * [SaaS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/saas-security?ts=markdown) * [Next-Generation Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/next-generation-firewall?ts=markdown) * [Hardware Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/hardware-firewall-innovations?ts=markdown) * [Software Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/software-firewalls?ts=markdown) * [Strata Cloud Manager](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/strata-cloud-manager?ts=markdown) * [SD-WAN for NGFW](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/sd-wan-subscription?ts=markdown) * [PAN-OS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/pan-os?ts=markdown) * [Panorama](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/panorama?ts=markdown) * [Secure Access Service Edge](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown) * [Prisma SASE](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown) * [Application Acceleration](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/app-acceleration?ts=markdown) * [Autonomous Digital Experience Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/adem?ts=markdown) * [Enterprise DLP](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/enterprise-data-loss-prevention?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/access?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Browser](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/prisma-browser?ts=markdown) * [Prisma SD-WAN](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/sd-wan?ts=markdown) * [Remote Browser Isolation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/remote-browser-isolation?ts=markdown) * [SaaS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/saas-security?ts=markdown) * [AI-Driven Security Operations Platform](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown) * [Cortex Cloud](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown) * [Application Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/application-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Posture Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-posture-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Runtime Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/runtime-security?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Cloud](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/cloud?ts=markdown) * [AI-Driven SOC](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown) * [Cortex XSIAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsiam?ts=markdown) * [Cortex XDR](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xdr?ts=markdown) * [Cortex XSOAR](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsoar?ts=markdown) * [Cortex Xpanse](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xpanse?ts=markdown) * [Unit 42 Managed Detection \& Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/managed-detection-and-response?ts=markdown) * [Managed XSIAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/managed-xsiam?ts=markdown) * [Next-Generation Identity Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira?ts=markdown) * [Privileged Access Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/privileged-access-management?ts=markdown) * [Identity and Access Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/identity-and-access-management?ts=markdown) * [Endpoint Privilege Manager](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/endpoint-privilege-manager?ts=markdown) * [Identity Governance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/identity-governance?ts=markdown) * [Workforce Password Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/workforce-password-management?ts=markdown) * [Agentic Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/agentic?ts=markdown) * [Secrets Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/secrets-management?ts=markdown) * [Unified Secrets Governance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/unified-secrets-governance?ts=markdown) * [Application Credentials Delivery](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/application-credentials-delivery?ts=markdown) * [Vendor Privileged Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/vendor-privileged-access?ts=markdown) * [Threat Intel and Incident Response Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42?ts=markdown) * [Proactive Assessments](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess?ts=markdown) * [Incident Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond?ts=markdown) * [Transform Your Security Strategy](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/transform?ts=markdown) * [Discover Threat Intelligence](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/threat-intelligence-partners?ts=markdown) Company * [About Us](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/about-us?ts=markdown) * [Careers](https://jobs.paloaltonetworks.com/en/) * [Contact Us](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/company/contact-sales?ts=markdown) * [Corporate Responsibility](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/about-us/corporate-responsibility?ts=markdown) * [Customers](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/customers?ts=markdown) * [Investor Relations](https://investors.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Location](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/about-us/locations?ts=markdown) * [Newsroom](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/company/newsroom?ts=markdown) Popular Links * [Blog](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/?ts=markdown) * [Communities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/communities?ts=markdown) * [Content Library](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources?ts=markdown) * [Cyberpedia](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia?ts=markdown) * [Event Center](https://events.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Manage Email Preferences](https://start.paloaltonetworks.com/preference-center) * [Products A-Z](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/products-a-z?ts=markdown) * [Product Certifications](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal-notices/trust-center/compliance?ts=markdown) * [Report a Vulnerability](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/security-disclosure?ts=markdown) * [Sitemap](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sitemap?ts=markdown) * [Tech Docs](https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Unit 42](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information](https://panwedd.exterro.net/portal/dsar.htm?target=panwedd) ![PAN logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/pan-logo-dark.svg) * [Privacy](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal-notices/privacy?ts=markdown) * [Trust Center](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal-notices/trust-center?ts=markdown) * [Terms of Use](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal-notices/terms-of-use?ts=markdown) * [Documents](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal?ts=markdown) Copyright © 2026 Palo Alto Networks. All Rights Reserved * [![Youtube](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/social/youtube-black.svg)](https://www.youtube.com/user/paloaltonetworks) * [![Podcast](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/icons/podcast.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/podcasts/threat-vector?ts=markdown) * [![Facebook](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/social/facebook-black.svg)](https://www.facebook.com/PaloAltoNetworks/) * [![LinkedIn](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/social/linkedin-black.svg)](https://www.linkedin.com/company/palo-alto-networks) * [![Twitter](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/social/twitter-x-black.svg)](https://twitter.com/PaloAltoNtwks) * EN Select your language