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* Products  
  Products  
  AI Security  
  [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/prisma-AIRS-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/prisma-airs?ts=markdown)  
  [AI Security Platform](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/prisma-airs?ts=markdown)
  
  * [AI Gateway](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/ai-gateway?ts=markdown)
  * [AI Model Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/ai-model-security?ts=markdown)
  * [AI Red Teaming](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/ai-red-teaming?ts=markdown)
  * [AI Runtime Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/ai-runtime-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Agent Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/agent-security?ts=markdown)
  * [AI Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/cloud/ai-spm?ts=markdown)  
    Secure GenAI Tools
  * [Prisma Browser](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/prisma-browser?ts=markdown)  
    Network Security  
    [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/strata-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security?ts=markdown)  
    [Secure the Network](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/next-generation-firewall?ts=markdown)
  * [Hardware Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/hardware-firewall-innovations?ts=markdown)
  * [Software Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/software-firewalls?ts=markdown)
  * [Strata Cloud Manager](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/strata-cloud-manager?ts=markdown)
  * [OT / Industrial Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/ot-security-solution?ts=markdown)
  * [Device \& IoT Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/device-security?ts=markdown)
  * [5G Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/5g-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Managed Firewalls - Azure](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/cloud-ngfw-for-azure?ts=markdown)
  * [Managed Firewalls - AWS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/cloud-ngfw?ts=markdown)  
    [Cloud-Delivered Security Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/security-subscriptions?ts=markdown)
  * [Advanced Threat Prevention](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-threat-prevention?ts=markdown)
  * [Advanced URL Filtering](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-url-filtering?ts=markdown)
  * [Advanced WildFire](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-wildfire?ts=markdown)
  * [Advanced DNS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-dns-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Advanced IP Defense](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-ip-defense?ts=markdown)
  * [Quantum Safe Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/quantum-safe-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Next-Gen Trust Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/next-gen-trust-security?ts=markdown)  
    SASE  
    [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/prisma-sase-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown)  
    [Secure Access (SASE)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown)
  * [Prisma Access (ZTNA)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/access?ts=markdown)
  * [SD-WAN](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/sd-wan?ts=markdown)
  * [Prisma Browser](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/prisma-browser?ts=markdown)
  * [SaaS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/saas-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Enterprise DLP](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/enterprise-data-loss-prevention?ts=markdown)  
    Security Operations  
    [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/cortex-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown)  
    [Security Operations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown)
  * [AI-Driven SOC](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsiam?ts=markdown)
  * [Extended Detection \& Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xdr?ts=markdown)
  * [Security Orchestration \& Automation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsoar?ts=markdown)
  * [Attack Surface Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xpanse?ts=markdown)
  * [Exposure Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/exposure-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Email Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/advanced-email-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Threat Intelligence Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/threat-intel-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Agentic-first Automation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/agentix?ts=markdown)
  * [Identity Threat Detection and Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/itdr?ts=markdown)  
    [Endpoint Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/endpoint-protection?ts=markdown)
  * [Endpoint Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/endpoint-protection?ts=markdown)
  * [Agentic Endpoint Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/agentic-endpoint-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Ransomware Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/ransomware-protection?ts=markdown)
  * [Digital Forensics](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/digital-forensics?ts=markdown)  
    [Data Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/data-security?ts=markdown)  
    Cloud Security  
    [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/cortex-cloud-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown)  
    [Application Security Overview](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/application-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Application Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/application-security-posture-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Software Supply Chain Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/software-supply-chain-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/infrastructure-as-code-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Software Composition Analysis](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/software-composition-analysis?ts=markdown)
  * [Secrets Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/secrets-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Open Partner Ecosystem](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/appsec-partner-ecosystem?ts=markdown)  
    [Cloud Posture Security Overview](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-posture-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Cloud Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-security-posture-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-infrastructure-entitlement-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Data Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/data-security-posture-management?ts=markdown)
  * [AI Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/ai-security-posture-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Vulnerability Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/vulnerability-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Cloud Attack Surface Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/attack-surface-management?ts=markdown)  
    [Cloud Runtime Security Overview](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/runtime-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Cloud Detection and Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud-detection-and-response?ts=markdown)
  * [Container \& Kubernetes Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/kubernetes-and-container-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Cloud Workload Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-workload-protection?ts=markdown)
  * [API Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/api-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Serverless Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/serverless-security?ts=markdown)  
    Observability ^NEW^  
    [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cortex/xcor/cortex-xcor-logo-nav-2.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor?ts=markdown)  
    Observability \& Remediation
  * [AI-Driven Observability](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/ai-driven-observability?ts=markdown)
  * [Distributed Tracing](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/distributed-tracing?ts=markdown)
  * [Log Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/log-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Metrics Monitoring](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/metrics-monitoring?ts=markdown)  
    Identity Security  
    [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/idira-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira?ts=markdown)  
    [Human Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human?ts=markdown)
  * [Modern PAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/privileged-access-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Identity and Access Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/identity-and-access-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Endpoint Privilege Manager](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/endpoint-privilege-manager?ts=markdown)
  * [Identity Governance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/identity-governance?ts=markdown)
  * [Workforce Password Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/workforce-password-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Vendor Privileged Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/vendor-privileged-access?ts=markdown)  
    [Machine Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine?ts=markdown)
  * [Secrets Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/secrets-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Unified Secrets Governance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/unified-secrets-governance?ts=markdown)
  * [Application Credentials Delivery](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/application-credentials-delivery?ts=markdown)  
    [Agentic Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/agentic?ts=markdown)  
    [See All Products](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/products-a-z?ts=markdown)
  * [![Overview icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/logo-default-orange.svg) Overview](#products-panel-0)
  * [![AI Security icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-prisma-blue.svg) AI Security](#products-panel-1)
  * [![Network Security icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-strata.svg) Network Security](#products-panel-2)
  * [![SASE icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-prisma-blue.svg) SASE](#products-panel-3)
  * [![Security Operations icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-cortex.svg) Security Operations](#products-panel-4)
  * [![Cloud Security icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-cortex.svg) Cloud Security](#products-panel-5)
  * [Observability ^NEW^](#products-panel-6)
  * [![Identity Security icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-idira.svg) Identity Security](#products-panel-7)
  
  [See All Products](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/products-a-z?ts=markdown)  
  [![AI Security icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/prisma-AIRS-logo-nav.svg)  
  AI Security
  Discover, assess and protect AI apps, agents and employee use of GenAI tools](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/prisma-airs?ts=markdown)  
  [![Network Security icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/strata-logo-nav.svg)  
  Network Security
  AI-powered NetSec with next-gen firewalls, inline defense and unified management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security?ts=markdown)  
  [![Security Operations icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/cortex-logo-nav.svg)  
  Security Operations
  Stop cyberattackers with the industry's premier platform for autonomous security operations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown)  
  [![Observability \& Remediation <sup class="branded-text">NEW</span> icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cortex/xcor/cortex-xcor-logo-nav-2.svg)  
  Observability \& Remediation ^NEW^
  Prevent downtime with the AI-driven platform that delivers autonomous remediation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor?ts=markdown)  
  [![SASE icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/prisma-sase-logo-nav.svg)  
  SASE
  Protect with AI, secure AI use and operate with AI using agentic Prisma SASE](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown)  
  [![Identity Security icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/idira-logo-nav.svg)  
  Identity Security
  Identity security platform to secure every identity: human, machine and agentic](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira?ts=markdown)  
  [![Cloud Security icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/cortex-cloud-logo-nav.svg)  
  Cloud Security
  Prevent risks from code to cloud with the leading agentic cloud security platform](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown)  
  [![AI Security logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/prisma-AIRS-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/prisma-airs?ts=markdown)  
  [AI Security Platform](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/prisma-airs?ts=markdown)
  
  * [AI Gateway](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/ai-gateway?ts=markdown)
  * [AI Model Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/ai-model-security?ts=markdown)
  * [AI Red Teaming](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/ai-red-teaming?ts=markdown)
  * [AI Runtime Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/ai-runtime-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Agent Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/agent-security?ts=markdown)
  * [AI Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/cloud/ai-spm?ts=markdown)  
    Secure GenAI Tools
  * [Prisma Browser](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/prisma-browser?ts=markdown)  
    [![Network Security logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/strata-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security?ts=markdown)  
    [Secure the Network](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/next-generation-firewall?ts=markdown)
  * [Hardware Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/hardware-firewall-innovations?ts=markdown)
  * [Software Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/software-firewalls?ts=markdown)
  * [Strata Cloud Manager](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/strata-cloud-manager?ts=markdown)
  * [OT / Industrial Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/ot-security-solution?ts=markdown)
  * [Device \& IoT Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/device-security?ts=markdown)
  * [5G Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/5g-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Managed Firewalls - Azure](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/cloud-ngfw-for-azure?ts=markdown)
  * [Managed Firewalls - AWS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/cloud-ngfw?ts=markdown)  
    [Cloud-Delivered Security Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/security-subscriptions?ts=markdown)
  * [Advanced Threat Prevention](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-threat-prevention?ts=markdown)
  * [Advanced URL Filtering](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-url-filtering?ts=markdown)
  * [Advanced WildFire](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-wildfire?ts=markdown)
  * [Advanced DNS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-dns-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Advanced IP Defense](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-ip-defense?ts=markdown)
  * [Quantum Safe Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/quantum-safe-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Next-Gen Trust Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/next-gen-trust-security?ts=markdown)  
    [![SASE logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/prisma-sase-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown)  
    [Secure Access (SASE)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown)
  * [Prisma Access (ZTNA)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/access?ts=markdown)
  * [SD-WAN](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/sd-wan?ts=markdown)
  * [Prisma Browser](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/prisma-browser?ts=markdown)
  * [SaaS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/saas-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Enterprise DLP](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/enterprise-data-loss-prevention?ts=markdown)  
    [![Security Operations logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/cortex-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown)  
    [Security Operations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown)
  * [AI-Driven SOC](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsiam?ts=markdown)
  * [Extended Detection \& Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xdr?ts=markdown)
  * [Security Orchestration \& Automation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsoar?ts=markdown)
  * [Attack Surface Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xpanse?ts=markdown)
  * [Exposure Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/exposure-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Email Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/advanced-email-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Threat Intelligence Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/threat-intel-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Agentic-first Automation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/agentix?ts=markdown)
  * [Identity Threat Detection and Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/itdr?ts=markdown)  
    [Endpoint Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/endpoint-protection?ts=markdown)
  * [Endpoint Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/endpoint-protection?ts=markdown)
  * [Agentic Endpoint Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/agentic-endpoint-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Ransomware Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/ransomware-protection?ts=markdown)
  * [Digital Forensics](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/digital-forensics?ts=markdown)  
    [Data Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/data-security?ts=markdown)  
    [![Cloud Security logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/cortex-cloud-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown)  
    [Application Security Overview](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/application-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Application Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/application-security-posture-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Software Supply Chain Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/software-supply-chain-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/infrastructure-as-code-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Software Composition Analysis](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/software-composition-analysis?ts=markdown)
  * [Secrets Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/secrets-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Open Partner Ecosystem](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/appsec-partner-ecosystem?ts=markdown)  
    [Cloud Posture Security Overview](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-posture-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Cloud Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-security-posture-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-infrastructure-entitlement-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Data Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/data-security-posture-management?ts=markdown)
  * [AI Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/ai-security-posture-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Vulnerability Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/vulnerability-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Cloud Attack Surface Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/attack-surface-management?ts=markdown)  
    [Cloud Runtime Security Overview](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/runtime-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Cloud Detection and Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud-detection-and-response?ts=markdown)
  * [Container \& Kubernetes Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/kubernetes-and-container-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Cloud Workload Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-workload-protection?ts=markdown)
  * [API Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/api-security?ts=markdown)
  * [Serverless Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/serverless-security?ts=markdown)  
    [![Observability <sup class="branded-text">NEW</sup> logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cortex/xcor/cortex-xcor-logo-nav-2.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor?ts=markdown)  
    Observability \& Remediation
  * [AI-Driven Observability](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/ai-driven-observability?ts=markdown)
  * [Distributed Tracing](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/distributed-tracing?ts=markdown)
  * [Log Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/log-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Metrics Monitoring](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/metrics-monitoring?ts=markdown)  
    [![Identity Security logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/idira-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira?ts=markdown)  
    [Human Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human?ts=markdown)
  * [Modern PAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/privileged-access-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Identity and Access Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/identity-and-access-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Endpoint Privilege Manager](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/endpoint-privilege-manager?ts=markdown)
  * [Identity Governance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/identity-governance?ts=markdown)
  * [Workforce Password Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/workforce-password-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Vendor Privileged Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/vendor-privileged-access?ts=markdown)  
    [Machine Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine?ts=markdown)
  * [Secrets Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/secrets-management?ts=markdown)
  * [Unified Secrets Governance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/unified-secrets-governance?ts=markdown)
  * [Application Credentials Delivery](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/application-credentials-delivery?ts=markdown)  
    [Agentic Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/agentic?ts=markdown)

* Solutions  
  Solutions  
  By Use Case  
  [![Drive AI Transformation icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/ai-page/teaser-block/teaser-icon-2.svg)  
  Drive AI Transformation
  Scale enterprise AI adoption across employees, applications and agents with confidence and control](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security?ts=markdown) [![Accelerate Cloud Transformation icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-cortex.svg)
  Accelerate Cloud Transformation
  Build fast and innovate fearlessly with AI-driven protection from code to cloud](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown) [![Secure AI Coding icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/logo-default-orange.svg)
  Secure AI Coding
  Let AI coding do more, with you in control. Protect data, govern agents and control AI costs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/secure-ai-coding?ts=markdown)  
  [![Secure Every Identity icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-idira.svg)  
  Secure Every Identity
  Stop identity-led breaches: Secure human, machine, and agentic identities with zero trust](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira?ts=markdown) [![Enable Autonomous SOC icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-cortex.svg)
  Enable Autonomous SOC
  Fight AI with AI to stop threats at machine speed with the power of analytics and automation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/fight-ai-with-ai?ts=markdown) [![Secure Critical Infrastructure icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/logo-default-orange.svg)
  Secure Critical Infrastructure
  Stop machine-speed threats across OT, 5G and IoT with AI-driven cyber defense](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/securing-critical-infrastructure?ts=markdown)  
  [![Secure the Hybrid Network icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-strata.svg)  
  Secure the Hybrid Network
  Stay ahead of AI-driven attacks with unified network security across hybrid environments](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security?ts=markdown) [![Automate Root-Cause Analysis icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-cortex.svg)
  Automate Root-Cause Analysis
  Respond autonomously to incidents and accelerate remediation with agentic AI](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor?ts=markdown) [![Frontier AI Defense icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-Unit42.svg)
  Frontier AI Defense
  Use defender-grade models to stop AI-speed attacks before they start](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/ai-advantage?ts=markdown)

* Services  
  Services  
  Security Services  
  [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/unit-logo-dark.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42?ts=markdown)  
  Prepare for Emerging Risks
  
  * [AI Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/ai-security-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Frontier AI](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/prepare-for-emerging-risks/continuous-frontier-ai-defense?ts=markdown)
  * [Respond to Cyber Attacks](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond?ts=markdown)
  * [Incident Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond/incident-response?ts=markdown)
  * [Digital Forensics](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond/digital-forensics?ts=markdown)
  * [Managed Detection \& Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond/managed-detection-response?ts=markdown)
  * [Managed Threat Hunting](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/managed-threat-hunting?ts=markdown)
  * [Managed XSIAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/managed-xsiam?ts=markdown)  
    [Strengthen Your Defenses](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses?ts=markdown)
  * [Attack Surface Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/attack-surface-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Breach Readiness](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/breach-readiness-review?ts=markdown)
  * [Cloud Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/cloud-security-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Compromise Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/compromise-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Ransomware Readiness](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/ransomware-readiness-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Supply Chain](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/supply-chain-risk-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Tabletop Exercises](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/tabletop-exercises?ts=markdown)
  * [Unit 42 Retainer](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/retainer?ts=markdown)  
    [Build Your Security Strategy](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy?ts=markdown)
  * [Cyber Risk](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy/cyber-risk-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [IR Plan Development](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy/IR-plan-and-development-review?ts=markdown)
  * [Security Program Design](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy/security-program-design?ts=markdown)
  * [SOC Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy/soc-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Virtual CISO](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy/virtual-ciso?ts=markdown)
  * [Zero Trust](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy/zero-trust-advisory?ts=markdown)  
    Understand the Adversary
  * [Threat Intelligence](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/threat-intelligence?ts=markdown)
  * [Offensive Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/offensive-security-services?ts=markdown)  
    Managed Firewalls  
    Managed Firewalls
  * [Managed Firewalls - AWS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/cloud-ngfw?ts=markdown)
  * [Managed Firewalls - Azure](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/cloud-ngfw-for-azure?ts=markdown)  
    Customer Services  
    [Global Customer Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services?ts=markdown)
  * [Education \& Training](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/education?ts=markdown)
  * [Professional Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/consulting?ts=markdown)
  * [Success Tools](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/customer-success-tools?ts=markdown)
  * [Support Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/solution-assurance?ts=markdown)
  * [Customer Success](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/customer-success?ts=markdown)  
    [Under Attack?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/contact-unit42?ts=markdown)
  * [Services Overview](#services-panel-0)
  * [Security Services](#services-panel-1)
  * [Managed Firewalls](#services-panel-2)
  * [Customer Services](#services-panel-3)
  
  [Under Attack?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/contact-unit42?ts=markdown)  
  [![Security Services logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/unit-logo-dark.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42?ts=markdown)  
  Prepare for Emerging Risks
  
  * [AI Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/ai-security-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Frontier AI](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/prepare-for-emerging-risks/continuous-frontier-ai-defense?ts=markdown)
  * [Respond to Cyber Attacks](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond?ts=markdown)
  * [Incident Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond/incident-response?ts=markdown)
  * [Digital Forensics](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond/digital-forensics?ts=markdown)
  * [Managed Detection \& Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond/managed-detection-response?ts=markdown)
  * [Managed Threat Hunting](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/managed-threat-hunting?ts=markdown)
  * [Managed XSIAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/managed-xsiam?ts=markdown)  
    [Strengthen Your Defenses](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses?ts=markdown)
  * [Attack Surface Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/attack-surface-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Breach Readiness](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/breach-readiness-review?ts=markdown)
  * [Cloud Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/cloud-security-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Compromise Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/compromise-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Ransomware Readiness](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/ransomware-readiness-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Supply Chain](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/supply-chain-risk-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Tabletop Exercises](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/tabletop-exercises?ts=markdown)
  * [Unit 42 Retainer](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/retainer?ts=markdown)  
    [Build Your Security Strategy](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy?ts=markdown)
  * [Cyber Risk](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy/cyber-risk-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [IR Plan Development](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy/IR-plan-and-development-review?ts=markdown)
  * [Security Program Design](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy/security-program-design?ts=markdown)
  * [SOC Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy/soc-assessment?ts=markdown)
  * [Virtual CISO](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy/virtual-ciso?ts=markdown)
  * [Zero Trust](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/build-your-security-strategy/zero-trust-advisory?ts=markdown)  
    Understand the Adversary
  * [Threat Intelligence](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/threat-intelligence?ts=markdown)
  * [Offensive Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/strengthen-your-defenses/offensive-security-services?ts=markdown)  
    Managed Firewalls
  * [Managed Firewalls - AWS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/cloud-ngfw?ts=markdown)
  * [Managed Firewalls - Azure](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/cloud-ngfw-for-azure?ts=markdown)  
    [Global Customer Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services?ts=markdown)
  * [Education \& Training](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/education?ts=markdown)
  * [Professional Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/consulting?ts=markdown)
  * [Success Tools](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/customer-success-tools?ts=markdown)
  * [Support Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/solution-assurance?ts=markdown)
  * [Customer Success](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/customer-success?ts=markdown)

* Industries  
  Industries  
  [![Financial Services icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/financial-icon-2.svg)  
  Financial Services
  Secure with AI cybersecurity, fraud and ransomware prevention, compliance, and customer data protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/financial-services?ts=markdown) [![Manufacturing icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/manufacturing-icon-2.svg)
  Manufacturing
  Secure with OT security, ransomware defense, industrial cybersecurity, supply chain resilience, and continuity](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/manufacturing?ts=markdown) [![Retail and Hospitality icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/retail-icon-2.svg)
  Retail and Hospitality
  Secure with payment security, PCI compliance, ransomware and fraud prevention, and data protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/retail?ts=markdown)  
  [![Healthcare and Life Sciences icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/healthcare-icon-2.svg)  
  Healthcare and Life Sciences
  Secure patient and clinical data, medical device security, ransomware defense, and HIPAA compliance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/healthcare?ts=markdown) [![Public Sector icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/public-sector-icon-2.svg)
  Public Sector
  Secure with Zero Trust, cyber defense, compliance, infrastructure protection, and citizen data security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/public-sector?ts=markdown) [![Utilities icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/utilities-icon-2.svg)
  Utilities
  Secure with power grid protection, OT network security, ransomware defense, and critical infrastructure security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/electric-utilities?ts=markdown)  
  [![Transportation icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/transportation-icon-2.svg)  
  Transportation
  Secure OT and connected infrastructure protection, ransomware defense, supply chain security, compliance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/transportation-security?ts=markdown) [![Small and Medium Business icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/smb-icon-2.svg)
  Small and Medium Business
  Secure against cyber threats using AI-powered endpoint, network, browser, cloud, and MDR](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/industry/small-medium-business-portfolio?ts=markdown)

* Partners  
  Partners  
  NextWave
  
  * [Partner Program](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/nextwave-partner-portal-login?ts=markdown)
  * [Become a Partner](https://paloaltonetworks.my.site.com/NextWavePartnerProgram/s/partnerregistration?type=becomepartner)
  * [Request Partner Portal Access](https://paloaltonetworks.my.site.com/NextWavePartnerProgram/s/partnerregistration?type=requestaccess)
  * [Partner Portal Login](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/nextwave-partner-portal?ts=markdown)
  * [Find a Partner](https://paloaltonetworks.my.site.com/NextWavePartnerProgram/s/partnerlocator)  
    Partner Ecosystem  
    [Explore All Partners
    Find the right partner network tailored to your business needs, cloud environments, and security requirements](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners?ts=markdown) [Cloud Service Partners
    Bring cloud native security and compliance to the entire development lifecycle](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/nextwave-for-csp?ts=markdown) [Frontier AI Alliance
    Outpace today's cyberattacks through a global ecosystem of leaders orchestrating unified defenses](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/frontier?ts=markdown) [Global System Integrators
    Speed and secure digital transformation with the industry's best technology, people and intelligence](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/nextwave-for-gsi?ts=markdown)  
    [Managed Security Service Providers
    Gain valuable resource oversight to help your businesses administer security strategies](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/managed-security-service-providers?ts=markdown) [Resellers
    Deliver the most comprehensive cybersecurity portfolio while expanding opportunities and profitability](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/resellers?ts=markdown) [Service Providers
    Protect mobile users, devices and applications with effective, flexible and easy to deploy cybersecurity](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/service-providers?ts=markdown) [Technology Partners
    Advance security and transformation with innovative technology partner integrations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/partners/technology-partners?ts=markdown)

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3. [What Is a Site-to-Site VPN?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-site-to-site-vpn?ts=markdown)  
   Table of Contents

* [How Does a Site-to-site VPN Work?](#how)
* [Site-to-site VPN Benefits](#benefits)
* [Site-to-site VPN Limitations](#limitations)
* [Site-to-site VPN vs. Remote Access VPN](#vpn)
* [Site-to-site VPN vs. Point-to-site VPN](#vs)
* [Site-to-site VPN Protocols](#protocols)
* [How to Set Up a Site-to-site VPN](#setup)
* [SASE: The Modern Alternative to Site-to-site VPNs](#sase)
* [Site-to-site VPN FAQs](#faqs)

# What Is a Site-to-Site VPN?

3 min. read  
Table of Contents

* [How Does a Site-to-site VPN Work?](#how)
* [Site-to-site VPN Benefits](#benefits)
* [Site-to-site VPN Limitations](#limitations)
* [Site-to-site VPN vs. Remote Access VPN](#vpn)
* [Site-to-site VPN vs. Point-to-site VPN](#vs)
* [Site-to-site VPN Protocols](#protocols)
* [How to Set Up a Site-to-site VPN](#setup)
* [SASE: The Modern Alternative to Site-to-site VPNs](#sase)
* [Site-to-site VPN FAQs](#faqs)

1. How Does a Site-to-site VPN Work?

* [1. How Does a Site-to-site VPN Work?](#how)
* [2. Site-to-site VPN Benefits](#benefits)
* [3. Site-to-site VPN Limitations](#limitations)
* [4. Site-to-site VPN vs. Remote Access VPN](#vpn)
* [5. Site-to-site VPN vs. Point-to-site VPN](#vs)
* [6. Site-to-site VPN Protocols](#protocols)
* [7. How to Set Up a Site-to-site VPN](#setup)
* [8. SASE: The Modern Alternative to Site-to-site VPNs](#sase)
* [9. Site-to-site VPN FAQs](#faqs)  
  ![What Is a Site-to-Site VPN?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cyberpedia/video-thumbnail-what-is-a-site-to-site-vpn.png)  
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A site-to-site virtual private network (VPN) is a connection between two or more networks, such as a corporate network and a branch office network. Organizations use site-to-site VPNs to leverage an internet connection for private traffic as an alternative to private MPLS circuits.

Site-to-site VPNs are frequently used by companies with multiple offices in different geographic locations that need to access the corporate network. With a site-to-site VPN, a company can securely connect its corporate network with remote offices to communicate and share resources as a single network.

## How Does a Site-to-site VPN Work?

![Site-to-site VPN connecting a main office with three branch offices securely via the internet.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cyberpedia/site-to-site-vpn/site-to-site-vpn.png)

A site-to-site VPN provides access from one network to another over the internet. It works by creating a secure, encrypted tunnel between two networks located at different sites. The tunnel acts as a direct link through which data can be securely transmitted.

The VPN uses routing tables to direct data packets along the correct path within the tunnel. Site-to-site tunnels rely on encryption protocols to ensure data cannot be intercepted or read by unauthorized parties.

The process involves establishing a gateway at each network end, effectively connecting entire networks rather than individual clients to a VPN server. The VPN gateway manages data encryption and decryption as it enters and exits the tunnel.

Data travels through the public internet within this tunnel. Encryption makes the data opaque to outsiders, appearing as unintelligible gibberish. Upon reaching the destination gateway, data is decrypted and transmitted to the receiving internal network.

This secure bridge allows seamless, secure information flow between networks. Resources can be shared as though they are on the same local network.

[What Is a VPN?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-vpn?ts=markdown)

## Site-to-site VPN Benefits

![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cyberpedia/site-to-site-vpn/site-to-site-vpn-benefits.png)

### Enhanced Security

Site-to-site VPNs establish a secure connection between networks using encryption, safeguarding data from unauthorized access as it travels over the internet. Encryption ensures sensitive corporate information remains confidential.

Site-to-site VPNs allow organizations to provide employees working remotely with access to the corporate network from alternate locations, like public networks. This supports operational continuity and reduces potential downtime in an emergency.

### Simplified Resource Sharing

By connecting networks, a site-to-site VPN facilitates the sharing of resources such as file servers and databases without direct internet exposure. It allows employees to work with the same tools and data regardless of their physical location, promoting efficiency and collaboration.

### Cost-Effective Network Expansion

The ability to use the internet as a conduit for connecting multiple networks helps organizations reduce the need for expensive leased lines. For organizations looking to connect multiple sites without major infrastructure investments, site-to-site VPNs can be more cost-effective initially.

### Agile Deployment

Site-to-site VPNs can offer agile deployment capabilities initially. Businesses can easily add new sites to the network. The flexibility is helpful for rapidly growing companies or those needing to establish temporary sites.

## Site-to-site VPN Limitations

![Site-to-site VPN benefits (security, resource sharing, cost, agility) \& limitations (scaling, routing, complex, visibility, cloud, static environments)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cyberpedia/site-to-site-vpn/site-to-site-vpn-limitations.png)

### Scalability Challenges

Site-to-site VPNs can face scalability issues as each new site requires its own dedicated VPN connection. This can lead to a complex web of tunnels that demand meticulous management. As the organization grows, site-to-site VPNs may result in network performance inefficiencies.

### Inefficient Routing

The traditional hub-and-spoke architecture of site-to-site VPNs often results in inefficient routing, where all traffic must pass through a central location. This can burden the central hub and lead to unnecessary latency, impacting overall network performance.

### Complex Configuration

Setting up a site-to-site VPN involves configuration and ongoing management of VPN gateways and routes over time. Each tunnel requires individual attention, which can accumulate into a considerable administrative overhead as the number of sites increases.

### Limited Visibility

With independent VPN connections for each site, gaining a comprehensive view of the network traffic and detecting distributed threats can be challenging. This fragmentation can lead to potential security risks as it complicates consistent monitoring and threat management.

### Restricted Cloud Integration

As businesses increasingly move services to the cloud, site-to-site VPNs may not offer the most direct or efficient path to cloud resources. This can result in suboptimal network designs that do not align with modern cloud-centric workflows.

### Dependence on Static Environments

Site-to-site VPNs are less suited for dynamic or remote working scenarios where users may not consistently operate from static locations. Lack of flexibility can be a disadvantage in today's mobile work environments.

## Site-to-site VPN vs. Remote Access VPN

The main difference between site-to-site and remote access VPNs is their respective network connectivity structures and intended use cases.

Site-to-site VPNs are designed to connect entire networks to each other. This type of VPN encrypts traffic at the network perimeter and allows for resources to be shared across locations, behaving as a single, unified network.

[Remote access VPNs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-remote-access-vpn?ts=markdown) focus on individual users who need to connect to a network from a remote location. They are based on VPN clients, so they require software to be installed on each user's device. The VPN software then establishes an encrypted connection to the network. Remote access VPNs are ideal for businesses that need to provide secure access to their network from any location.

## Site-to-site VPN vs. Point-to-site VPN

Site-to-site VPNs are about connecting networks. Point-to-site VPNs focus on connecting users to a network, emphasizing flexibility and individual access rather than inter-office connectivity.

Site-to-site VPNs connect entire networks to each other, enabling multiple sites within an enterprise to share resources securely over the internet. They work for organizations with fixed locations looking to establish a continuous, secure connection between offices.

Point-to-site VPNs provide secure connections from individual devices to the network. They are suited for remote workers who need to access corporate resources from various locations.

## Site-to-site VPN Protocols

Site-to-site VPNs can operate using various VPN protocols depending on network configuration and security policies.

IPsec is often used in tandem with other protocols such as L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) to provide encryption, secure communication between networks. GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) is sometimes used with IPsec for creating tunnels, although GRE by itself does not provide encryption.

OpenVPN is also capable of creating secure point-to-point connections in routed or bridged configurations.

## How to Set Up a Site-to-site VPN

![A site-to-site VPN with static routing, showing two VPN Peers, A and B, connected via IPsec tunnels with designated IP addresses and zones.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cyberpedia/site-to-site-vpn/site-to-site-vpn-setup.png)

The process of setting up a site-to-site VPN varies significantly based on the specific technologies and devices being used. Always follow guidelines tailored to the VPN provider and network configuration at hand.

This example outlines a streamlined process for setting up a site-to-site VPN using PAN-OS, focusing on a scenario with static routing. While these instructions provide a general framework, they may need to be adjusted to align with the network environment specification and VPN solution features.

### 1. Configure the physical interfaces on both VPN endpoints.

This is done by accessing the network interface settings, selecting Ethernet, and defining the interface as Layer 3. Assign it to an appropriate security zone, typically outside your trust network, and set an IP address.

### 2. Create the tunnel interfaces.

This involves specifying a tunnel interface name, associating it with a virtual router and a security zone dedicated to VPN tunnels, and assigning an IP address that serves as the endpoint for traffic routing.

### 3. Define crypto profiles for IKE (for phase 1) and IPSec (for phase 2).

This is necessary to secure the VPN connection. Ensure that both VPN peers have identical crypto profiles for a successful handshake.

### 4. Configure OSPF on the virtual routers for dynamic routing.

Attach the appropriate interfaces to the OSPF areas, selecting the right link types and ensuring that the OSPF router IDs are correctly assigned.

### 5. Establish IKE gateways for both VPN peers.

Set up local and peer IP addresses. Apply the pre-shared keys for authentication.

### 6. Configure the IPSec tunnels.

Select the tunnel interfaces and define the auto key type with the corresponding IKE gateway and IPSec crypto profile.

### 7. Implement policy rules to permit traffic between the sites.

Specifying the traffic's source and destination IP addresses. Associate these with the appropriate security zones.

After configuring both endpoints, verify the OSPF adjacencies and routes to ensure that the VPN peers recognize each other and establish the necessary routes for traffic. Testing connectivity is crucial. Utilize tunnel monitoring and the PAN-OS command line interface to check the status and ensure traffic flows securely between the sites.

## SASE: The Modern Alternative to Site-to-site VPNs

![SASE model showing SaaS, clouds, data center, layered with FWaaS, CASB, ZTNA, SWG, and SD-WAN for various endpoints.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cyberpedia/site-to-site-vpn/sase.png)

[Secure access service edge](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-sase?ts=markdown) (SASE) is a modern, cloud-native architecture which delivers the networking and network security services businesses need. SASE offers multiple security capabilities including advanced threat prevention, credential theft prevention, web filtering, sandboxing, DNS security, data loss prevention (DLP) and more from one cloud-delivered platform.

SASE allows companies to connect remote offices easily. Using this model, it is easier to securely route traffic and manage access control.

## Site-to-site VPN FAQs

### What is the purpose of a site-to-site VPN?

The purpose of a site-to-site VPN is to securely connect networks at different locations, enabling them to communicate and share resources over the internet as if within a single network.

### How do you create a site-to-site VPN?

A site-to-site VPN setup entails configuring network interfaces, establishing secure tunnels, and implementing encryption protocols. Specific steps vary based on the solution and network configuration.

### What is the difference between point-to-site VPN and site-to-site VPN?

Point-to-site VPN allows individual devices to connect to a network remotely, while site-to-site connects entire networks to each other.

### What is the difference between remote access VPN and site-to-site VPN?

The difference between site-to-site and remote access VPNs is their purposes. Remote access VPNs connects individual users to a network. Site-to-site VPNs connect two networks.

### What is the difference between a site-to-site VPN and tunnel?

A site-to-site VPN is a type of setup that connects two networks. A tunnel is a secure passage through which the encrypted VPN traffic travels.

### What are the disadvantages of a site-to-site VPN?

Disadvantages of a site-to-site VPN include setup complexity, limited scalability, and potential inefficiency in bandwidth usage.

### What are the two types of site-to-site VPN?

The two types of VPNs with site-to-site configurations are intranet-based (for connecting remote locations within the same organization) and extranet-based (for connecting with external partners).

### How do I know if my site-to-site VPN is up?

To know if a site-to-site VPN is up, check the VPN device's dashboard for tunnel status indicators or use command line tools to verify connectivity and traffic flow.

### Is a site-to-site VPN fast?

Site-to-site VPN speed depends on the underlying internet connection, encryption overhead, and hardware capabilities. It can be fast but is subject to these factors.

### What encryption should I use for site-to-site VPN?

For site-to-site VPN, AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is commonly recommended because of its strong security and efficiency.

### Is a site to site VPN connection encrypted by default?

A site-to-site VPN connection is not encrypted by default. It requires configuration with security protocols such as IPsec to secure the data.
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