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Docs](https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/search) Close search modal [Deploy Bravely --- Secure your AI transformation with Prisma AIRS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/deploybravely?ts=markdown) [](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/?ts=markdown) 1. [Cyberpedia](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia?ts=markdown) 2. [Identity Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/identity-security?ts=markdown) 3. [Identity Governance and Administration](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga?ts=markdown) 4. [Modern IGA](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga?ts=markdown) Table of Contents * What Is Modern IGA? Identity Governance Guide * [Modern IGA Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#explained?ts=markdown) * [The Evolution of Identity Governance: From Legacy to Modern](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#evolution?ts=markdown) * [Core Mechanisms: How Modern IGA Functions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#core?ts=markdown) * [Key Benefits for the Modern Security Stack](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#key?ts=markdown) * [Addressing the Non-Human Identity (NHI) Challenge](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#challenge?ts=markdown) * [Modern IGA Challenges and Practical Solutions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#solutions?ts=markdown) * [Modern IGA FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is Identity Governance and Administration?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-governance-and-administration-iga?ts=markdown) * [Identity Governance and Administration (IGA) Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-governance-and-administration-iga#identity?ts=markdown) * [Core Pillars of Identity Governance and Administration](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-governance-and-administration-iga#core?ts=markdown) * [Why IGA Is Critical for Modern Enterprises](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-governance-and-administration-iga#why?ts=markdown) * [Business-Level Outcomes of IGA](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-governance-and-administration-iga#business?ts=markdown) * [Implementation Steps for an IGA Program](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-governance-and-administration-iga#implementation?ts=markdown) * [IGA and the Zero Trust Security Model](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-governance-and-administration-iga#model?ts=markdown) * [Operational Challenges and Attack Containment Behavior](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-governance-and-administration-iga#operaitonal?ts=markdown) * [Identity Governance and Administration (IGA) FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-governance-and-administration-iga#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is Identity Lifecycle Management?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-lifecycle-management?ts=markdown) * [Identity Lifecycle Management Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-lifecycle-management#explained?ts=markdown) * [The Four Pillars of Identity Lifecycle Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-lifecycle-management#pillars?ts=markdown) * [Strategic Benefits: Why ILM Is a Cybersecurity Necessity](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-lifecycle-management#benefits?ts=markdown) * [Real-World Use Cases for Identity Lifecycle Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-lifecycle-management#use-cases?ts=markdown) * [Disrupting Attackers](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-lifecycle-management#disrupting-attackers?ts=markdown) * [Modernizing ILM: Just-in-Time Access and Non-Standing](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-lifecycle-management#modernizing-ilm?ts=markdown) * [Privilege](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-lifecycle-management#privilege?ts=markdown) * [Critical Challenges and Solutions in Modern ILM Implementation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-lifecycle-management#challenges?ts=markdown) * [ILM vs. IAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-lifecycle-management#ilm-vs-iam?ts=markdown) * [Identity Lifecycle Management FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-lifecycle-management#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is NIST SP 800-207? zero trust Architecture Framework](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-nist-sp-800-207?ts=markdown) * [What Does NIST SP 800-207 Compliance Mean?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-nist-sp-800-207#what?ts=markdown) * [Why NIST SP 800-207 Matters Today](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-nist-sp-800-207#why?ts=markdown) * [NIST Zero Trust Tenets](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-nist-sp-800-207#nist?ts=markdown) * [Zero Trust Architecture Components](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-nist-sp-800-207#components?ts=markdown) * [What Signals Inform A Trust Decision?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-nist-sp-800-207#decision?ts=markdown) * [How Trust Decisions Typically Work](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-nist-sp-800-207#how?ts=markdown) * [Common Zero Trust Deployment Models](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-nist-sp-800-207#models?ts=markdown) * [Benefits And Challenges](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-nist-sp-800-207#benefits?ts=markdown) * [Practical Implementation Checklist](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-nist-sp-800-207#practical?ts=markdown) * [NIST SP 800-207 FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-nist-sp-800-207#faqs?ts=markdown) # What Is Modern IGA? 3 min. read [Explore Identity Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/identity-security?ts=markdown) Table of Contents * * [Modern IGA Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#explained?ts=markdown) * [The Evolution of Identity Governance: From Legacy to Modern](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#evolution?ts=markdown) * [Core Mechanisms: How Modern IGA Functions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#core?ts=markdown) * [Key Benefits for the Modern Security Stack](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#key?ts=markdown) * [Addressing the Non-Human Identity (NHI) Challenge](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#challenge?ts=markdown) * [Modern IGA Challenges and Practical Solutions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#solutions?ts=markdown) * [Modern IGA FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#faqs?ts=markdown) 1. Modern IGA Explained * * [Modern IGA Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#explained?ts=markdown) * [The Evolution of Identity Governance: From Legacy to Modern](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#evolution?ts=markdown) * [Core Mechanisms: How Modern IGA Functions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#core?ts=markdown) * [Key Benefits for the Modern Security Stack](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#key?ts=markdown) * [Addressing the Non-Human Identity (NHI) Challenge](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#challenge?ts=markdown) * [Modern IGA Challenges and Practical Solutions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#solutions?ts=markdown) * [Modern IGA FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga#faqs?ts=markdown) Modern IGA (Identity Governance and Administration) is a cloud-native security framework that automates the management of digital identities and access rights across complex enterprise environments. It uses artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to provide visibility, streamline compliance, and enforce least-privileged access through continuous monitoring and automated provisioning across hybrid and multi-cloud environments. Key Takeaways: * **Automated Governance**: Modern systems replace manual spreadsheets with AI-driven workflows to manage identity lifecycles. \* **Visibility Gains**: Security teams gain a unified view of human and non-human identities across fragmented cloud services. \* **Risk Mitigation**: Integrated analytics identify over-privileged accounts and potential "toxic combinations" of access rights. \* **Compliance Efficiency**: Automated audit trails and reporting reduce the burden of meeting regulatory requirements such as GDPR and Sarbanes-Oxley. \* **Least Privilege**: Dynamic access controls ensure that users and services have only the minimum permissions required for their roles. ## Modern IGA Explained Traditional identity management focused primarily on password resets and basic employee provisioning within a defined perimeter. Modern IGA shifts this focus toward a comprehensive governance model that accounts for the explosion of [non-human identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-non-human-identity?ts=markdown), such as service accounts, bots, and cloud [workloads](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-workload?ts=markdown). It acts as the central policy engine for an organization's security posture, ensuring that every identity is verified and every access request is legitimate. This evolution is essential because legacy tools often fail to scale with the velocity of [cloud-native](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-native-security?ts=markdown) development. Modern solutions integrate directly with DevOps pipelines and HR systems to synchronize identity data in real time. By shifting from a reactive "ticketing" mindset to a proactive, analytics-based approach, organizations can detect anomalies in access patterns before they lead to [data breaches](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/data-breach?ts=markdown). It bridges the gap between IT operations and security compliance, providing a single source of truth on who has access to what, why they have it, and how they use it. ## The Evolution of Identity Governance: From Legacy to Modern [Identity Governance and Administration](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-governance-and-administration-iga?ts=markdown) emerged over 20 years ago as a category of solutions designed primarily to address compliance needs within IT environments. Initial demand was driven by regulations like the [Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)](https://www.sarbanes-oxley-act.com/) and the [Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)](https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/privacy-security/gramm-leach-bliley-act), which made auditing user access to IT infrastructure a legal requirement. ### Limitations of Traditional IGA Tools Legacy IGA tools were essentially compliance-reporting engines built for on-premises environments where IT departments controlled every application. These tools relied heavily on manual role definition, which became a bottleneck as organizations grew. Maintaining these roles became an end unto itself, often requiring dedicated teams to manage the constant churn of business reorganizations and M\&A activity. ### Why Cloud-Native Environments Demand a New Approach The rise of [SaaS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-saas?ts=markdown) and in-house custom cloud applications has broken the legacy model. Modern enterprises now average 112 SaaS applications, with larger organizations exceeding 150. These applications are often owned by individual departments rather than by central IT, creating a fragmented landscape that legacy tools cannot integrate efficiently with. Modern IGA is required to provide the robotic automation and API-first connectivity needed to bridge these gaps. ![A circular business process diagram titled Modern IGA featuring four interconnected blue diamond-shaped stages. The stages are Provisioning, Access Certification, SoD Policy Enforcement, and Audit \& Reporting. Each stage includes bulleted lists detailing actions, mechanisms, and key metrics such as Automates JML, AI-driven access, Risk Analysis, and Compliance Evidence.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cyberpedia/what-is-iga/the-core-mechanisms-and-continuous-lifecycle-of-modern-iga.webp "The core mechanisms and continuous lifecycle of Modern IGA") ***Figure 1**: The core mechanisms and continuous lifecycle of Modern IGA.* ## Core Mechanisms: How Modern IGA Functions Modern IGA solutions streamline the essential components of identity management through high-velocity automation. They manage the entire [lifecycle of an identity](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-lifecycle-management?ts=markdown) while ensuring that every permission granted is documented and justified for auditors. ### Identity Lifecycle Management (ILM) Automation This process manages the "joiner, mover, and leaver" cycle by automatically granting, modifying, or revoking access as users change roles. By syncing with HR systems, Modern IGA ensures that an employee's access is terminated the moment they leave the company, eliminating orphaned accounts that attackers frequently exploit. ### Access Certification and Request Workflows Access reviews validate that policies comply with relevant regulations through continuous monitoring. Modern IGA utilizes self-service portals and delegated administration, allowing managers to request or approve access for their teams. This reduces the burden on IT while maintaining a comprehensive audit trail of all approvals and modifications. ### Policy and Role Management via Machine Learning Rather than relying on static, manual roles, modern systems use [machine learning](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/machine-learning-ml?ts=markdown) to identify patterns of permissions. These AI-driven profiles can infer the appropriate access level based on a user's job code, title, or physical location. This "management by exception" approach enables pre-approval of low-risk access, significantly accelerating provisioning. ## Key Benefits for the Modern Security Stack A comprehensive IGA solution is 100% focused on identity governance, avoiding the "feature creep" found in general-purpose identity providers. It provides a level of depth that [single sign-on (SSO)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-single-sign-on-sso?ts=markdown) solutions cannot reach. ### Real-Time Visibility Across Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Modern IGA creates a comprehensive identity map that serves as the single source of truth for permissions. It covers the extensive entitlements in complex environments such as AWS and Azure, providing visibility into both human users and the DevOps teams managing cloud infrastructure. ### Reducing the Attack Surface Through Least Privilege The security posture is improved by continuously identifying unnecessary permissions that could create attack vectors. According to [Unit 42 research](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/unit42-cloud-threat-research-volume-three?ts=markdown), credential theft and the abuse of over-privileged accounts remain a top vector for cloud breaches. Modern IGA mitigates this by enforcing [least-privilege](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-least-privilege-access?ts=markdown) policies dynamically. ### Accelerating Audit Readiness and Compliance Compliance remains a primary driver for IGA, with 91% of organizations reporting increased compliance activity over the last three years. Modern IGA automates the collection of entitlement data and generates auditor-friendly review packages, often resulting in 80% time savings compared to manual spreadsheet-based methods. ## Addressing the Non-Human Identity (NHI) Challenge The modern user base has expanded to include a massive array of non-human identities. These include service accounts, bots, and automated workloads that often possess high-level administrative permissions. ### Managing Service Accounts, Bots, and Workloads Legacy IGA solutions were built for human employees and often ignore the risks posed by machine accounts. Modern IGA treats these non-human entities as first-class citizens, ensuring they are governed by the same lifecycle and review policies as human users. ### Eliminating Hardcoded Credentials and Over-privileged Apps By integrating with [secrets management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/secrets-management?ts=markdown) and cloud security tools, Modern IGA helps identify where applications have hardcoded credentials or excessive permissions. This proactive risk detection identifies the identity exposures that are the leading cause of modern data breaches. ## Modern IGA Challenges and Practical Solutions Transitioning to a modern framework involves overcoming several technical and organizational hurdles. ### Overcoming Data Fragmentation and Identity Sprawl Many organizations struggle with "identity sprawl," where user data is scattered across multiple directories and applications. The solution lies in choosing an IGA platform with extensive out-of-the-box integrations (1000+) and robotic automation for legacy apps that lack APIs. ### Handling Role Explosion in Large Organizations Only 10% of organizations feel confident in their ability to maintain manual business roles. To solve "role explosion," organizations should move away from manual [RBAC](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-rbac?ts=markdown) (Role-Based Access Control) and toward AI-recommended patterns. This reduces the number of entitlements requiring manual human review by up to 75%. ## Modern IGA FAQs ### How does Modern IGA differ from the "Light" IGA provided by my IdP? "Light" IGA solutions offered by identity providers (IdPs) typically manage only basic account provisioning and deprovisioning. They lack the depth to govern intricate permissions and entitlements within applications, which is essential for true security and compliance. ### Do I still need IGA if I already have Single Sign-On (SSO)? Yes. SSO manages authentication (how you log in), but it does not address entitlements (what you can do once you are in). SSO solutions generally lack the complex data models required for deep compliance reviews and automated lifecycle management. ### What is the return on investment (ROI) for automating IGA? Organizations using automated Modern IGA solutions save an average of $600,000 per year by reducing manual labor. They also see up to 80% time savings in audit preparation and a 60% reduction in IT helpdesk tickets related to access requests. ### Can AI effectively manage security roles without human intervention? AI is used to supplement, not entirely replace, human judgment. It creates "AI Profiles" that suggest appropriate permissions and automate pre-approvals for low-risk access, allowing security teams to focus their manual review efforts on high-risk exceptions. ### Which industries benefit most from Modern IGA? Any organization handling sensitive data or subject to regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, or SOX benefits. This is particularly critical for financial institutions, healthcare providers, and technology companies preparing for an IPO. Related Content [Zero Trust Enterprise Design Guide Learn how to integrate modern identity governance into a unified Zero Trust architecture.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/guides/zero-trust-overview?ts=markdown) [Identity-Based Security for SASE Solution Guide A comprehensive guide on applying identity-based policies to ensure consistent access control.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/guides/identity-for-sase?ts=markdown) [Cloud Identity Engine Solution Brief Learn how the Cloud Identity Engine provides a single source of truth for all users across your entire security infrastructure.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/techbriefs/cloud-identity-engine?ts=markdown) [Cortex Identity Threat Detection (ITDR) Module Download the technical datasheet for the Cortex ITDR module to see how AI stops compromised accounts and malicious insiders.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/datasheets/cortex-xdr?ts=markdown) ![Share page on facebook](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/facebook-circular-icon.svg) ![Share page on linkedin](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/linkedin-circular-icon.svg) [![Share page by an email](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/email-circular-icon.svg)](mailto:?subject=What%20Is%20Modern%20IGA%3F%20Identity%20Governance%20Guide&body=Discover%20how%20Modern%20IGA%20automates%20identity%20lifecycles%2C%20secures%20non-human%20identities%2C%20and%20simplifies%20compliance.%20Learn%20to%20replace%20legacy%20IGA%20with%20AI-driven%20tools.%20at%20https%3A//www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-modern-identity-governance-administration-iga) Back to Top [Next](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-governance-and-administration-iga?ts=markdown) What Is Identity Governance and Administration? {#footer} ## 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