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[What Is Orchestration Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security?ts=markdown) Table of Contents * [What Is Container Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-security?ts=markdown) * [Container Security Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-security#container-security?ts=markdown) * [Understanding the Attack Surface](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-security#attack-surface?ts=markdown) * [How to Secure Containers](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-security#secure-containers?ts=markdown) * [Container Security Solutions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-security#solutions?ts=markdown) * [Container Security FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-security#faq?ts=markdown) * [Managing Permissions with Kubernetes RBAC](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-rbac?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes RBAC Defined](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-rbac#kubernetes?ts=markdown) * [Why Is RBAC Important for Kubernetes Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-rbac#important?ts=markdown) * [RBAC Roles and Permissions in Kubernetes](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-rbac#roles?ts=markdown) * [How Kubernetes RBAC Works](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-rbac#how?ts=markdown) * [The Role of RBAC in Kubernetes Authorization](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-rbac#authorization?ts=markdown) * [Common RBAC Permissions Risks and Vulnerabilities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-rbac#common?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes RBAC Best Practices and Recommendations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-rbac#best?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes and RBAC FAQ](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-rbac#faqs?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes: How to Implement AI-Powered Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-ai-security?ts=markdown) * [Common Threats to Kubernetes Clusters](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-ai-security#common?ts=markdown) * [How Is AI Used to Enhance Kubernetes Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-ai-security#how?ts=markdown) * [How Do You Implement AI-Powered Security in Kubernetes?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-ai-security#do?ts=markdown) * [What Are the Best Types of AI-Powered Tools for Kubernetes Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-ai-security#what?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes and AI-Powered Security FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-ai-security#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is Container Runtime Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/runtime-security?ts=markdown) * [Container Runtime Security for Modern Applications](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/runtime-security#runtime-security?ts=markdown) * [Models and Rules: Understanding Container Runtime Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/runtime-security#models?ts=markdown) * [Components of Container Runtime Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/runtime-security#components?ts=markdown) * [Best Practices for Optimal Runtime Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/runtime-security#best-practices?ts=markdown) * [At-a Glance Runtime Security Checklist](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/runtime-security#checklist?ts=markdown) * [Runtime Security FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/runtime-security#faq?ts=markdown) * [What Is Kubernetes Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Security Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security#kubernetes?ts=markdown) * [The Importance of Kubernetes Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security#importance?ts=markdown) * [Application Security in Kubernetes](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security#application?ts=markdown) * [7 Common Kubernetes Security Mistakes](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security#mistakes?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Security Best Practices](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security#practices?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Security FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security#faqs?ts=markdown) * [Multicloud Management with Al and Kubernetes](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-multicloud-management?ts=markdown) * [Multicloud Kubernetes Defined](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-multicloud-management#multicloud?ts=markdown) * [How Does Kubernetes Facilitate Multicloud Management?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-multicloud-management#how?ts=markdown) * [Multicloud Management Using AI and Kubernetes](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-multicloud-management#kubernetes?ts=markdown) * [Key AI and Kubernetes Capabilities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-multicloud-management#key?ts=markdown) * [Strategic Planning for Multicloud Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-multicloud-management#strategic?ts=markdown) * [Steps to Manage Multiple Cloud Environments with AI and Kubernetes](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-multicloud-management#steps?ts=markdown) * [Multicloud Management Challenges](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-multicloud-management#challenges?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Multicloud Management with AI FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-multicloud-management#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is Kubernetes?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#kubernetes?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Architecture](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#architecture?ts=markdown) * [Nodes: The Foundation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#nodes?ts=markdown) * [Clusters](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#clusters?ts=markdown) * [Pods: The Basic Units of Deployment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#pods?ts=markdown) * [Kubelet](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#kubelet?ts=markdown) * [Services: Networking in Kubernetes](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#services?ts=markdown) * [Volumes: Handling Persistent Storage](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#volumes?ts=markdown) * [Deployments in Kubernetes](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#deployments?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Automation and Capabilities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#capabilities?ts=markdown) * [Benefits of Kubernetes](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#benefits?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Vs. Docker](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#compare?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes#faq?ts=markdown) * [What Is Kubernetes Security Posture Management (KSPM)?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Security Posture Management Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm#kspm?ts=markdown) * [What Is the Importance of KSPM?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm#importance?ts=markdown) * [KSPM \& the Four Cs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm#kspm-cs?ts=markdown) * [Vulnerabilities Addressed with Kubernetes Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm#vulnerabilities?ts=markdown) * [How Does Kubernetes Security Posture Management Work?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm#how?ts=markdown) * [What Are the Key Components and Functions of an Effective KSPM Solution?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm#components?ts=markdown) * [KSPM Vs. CSPM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm#vs?ts=markdown) * [Best Practices for KSPM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm#best-practices?ts=markdown) * [KSPM Use Cases](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm#use-cases?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Security Posture Management (KSPM) FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm#faq?ts=markdown) * What Is Orchestration Security? * [Orchestration Security Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#orchestration-security?ts=markdown) * [Securing the Build Layer](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#build-layer?ts=markdown) * [Orchestration Access Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#access-security?ts=markdown) * [At-a-Glance Container Orchestration Security Checklist](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#checklist?ts=markdown) * [Container Orchestration FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#faq?ts=markdown) * [What Is Container Orchestration?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-orchestration?ts=markdown) * [Container Orchestration Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-orchestration#container-orchestration?ts=markdown) * [Orchestration Tools](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-orchestration#tools?ts=markdown) * [Key Components of Orchestrators](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-orchestration#components?ts=markdown) * [Container Orchestration and the Pipeline](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-orchestration#pipeline?ts=markdown) * [Benefits of Container Orchestration](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-orchestration#benefits?ts=markdown) * [The Container Ecosystem](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-orchestration#ecosystem?ts=markdown) * [Container Orchestration FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-orchestration#faq?ts=markdown) * [How to Secure Kubernetes Secrets and Sensitive Data](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-secrets?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Secrets Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-secrets#kubernetes?ts=markdown) * [Importance of Securing Kubernetes Secrets](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-secrets#importance?ts=markdown) * [How Kubernetes Secrets Work](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-secrets#kubernetes-secrets?ts=markdown) * [How Do You Store Sensitive Data in Kubernetes?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-secrets#sensitive-data?ts=markdown) * [How Do You Secure Secrets in Kubernetes?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-secrets#secure-secrets?ts=markdown) * [Challenges in Securing Kubernetes Secrets](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-secrets#challenges?ts=markdown) * [What Are the Best Practices to Make Kubernetes Secrets More Secure?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-secrets#best-practices?ts=markdown) * [What Tools Are Available to Secure Secrets in Kubernetes?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-secrets#tools?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Secrets FAQ](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-secrets#faq?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes and Infrastructure as Code](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code?ts=markdown) * [Infrastructure as Code in the Kubernetes Environment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#kubernetes-environment?ts=markdown) * [Understanding IaC](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#iac?ts=markdown) * [IaC Security Is Key](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#iac-security?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Host Infrastructure Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#host-infrastructure-security?ts=markdown) * [IAM Security for Kubernetes Clusters](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#iam-security?ts=markdown) * [Container Registry and IaC Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#container-registry?ts=markdown) * [Avoid Pulling "Latest" Container Images](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#container-images?ts=markdown) * [Avoid Privileged Containers and Escalation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#privileged-containers?ts=markdown) * [Isolate Pods at the Network Level](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#isolate-pods?ts=markdown) * [Encrypt Internal Traffic](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#encrypt?ts=markdown) * [Specifying Resource Limits](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#resource-limits?ts=markdown) * [Avoiding the Default Namespace](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#namespace?ts=markdown) * [Enable Audit Logging](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#audit-logging?ts=markdown) * [Securing Open-Source Kubernetes Components](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#kubernetes-components?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Security Across the DevOps Lifecycle](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#devops-lifecycle?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes and Infrastructure as Code FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-infrastructure-as-code#faq?ts=markdown) * [What Is the Difference Between Dockers and Kubernetes?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-docker?ts=markdown) * [Docker Defined](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-docker#defined?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-docker#explained?ts=markdown) * [Docker and Kubernetes: Comparison of Containerization Platforms](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-docker#platforms?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Vs. Docker: Complementary, Not Competitors](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-docker#competitors?ts=markdown) * [Benefits of Integrating Docker and Kubernetes](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-docker#benefits?ts=markdown) * [Use Cases and Applications for Docker and Kubernetes](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-docker#usecases?ts=markdown) * [Dockers and Kubernetes FAQ](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-docker#faqs?ts=markdown) * [Securing Your Kubernetes Cluster: Kubernetes Best Practices and Strategies](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-cluster-security?ts=markdown) * [What Is the Importance of a Secure Kubernetes Cluster?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-cluster-security#importance?ts=markdown) * [Understanding Kubernetes Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-cluster-security#security?ts=markdown) * [What Are Kubernetes Security Considerations and Security Best Practices?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-cluster-security#practices?ts=markdown) * [What Are Advanced Strategies for Kubernetes Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-cluster-security#advanced?ts=markdown) * [Kubernetes Cluster Security FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-cluster-security#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is a Host Operating System (OS)?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/host-os-operating-system-containers?ts=markdown) * [The Host Operating System (OS) Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/host-os-operating-system-containers#os?ts=markdown) * [Host OS Selection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/host-os-operating-system-containers#selection?ts=markdown) * [Host OS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/host-os-operating-system-containers#security?ts=markdown) * [Implement Industry-Standard Security Benchmarks](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/host-os-operating-system-containers#benchmarks?ts=markdown) * [Container Escape](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/host-os-operating-system-containers#container-escape?ts=markdown) * [System-Level Security Features](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/host-os-operating-system-containers#security-features?ts=markdown) * [Patch Management and Vulnerability Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/host-os-operating-system-containers#patch-management?ts=markdown) * [File System and Storage Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/host-os-operating-system-containers#storage-security?ts=markdown) * [Host-Level Firewall Configuration and Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/host-os-operating-system-containers#firewall-configuration?ts=markdown) * [Logging, Monitoring, and Auditing](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/host-os-operating-system-containers#logging?ts=markdown) * [Host OS Security FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/host-os-operating-system-containers#faq?ts=markdown) * [What Is Docker?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/docker?ts=markdown) * [Docker Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/docker#docker?ts=markdown) * [Understanding Docker Containers](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/docker#understanding?ts=markdown) * [Core Components of Docker](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/docker#core?ts=markdown) * [What Platforms and Environments Does Docker Support?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/docker#what?ts=markdown) * [How Does Docker Work?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/docker#how?ts=markdown) * [Docker Tools](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/docker#tools?ts=markdown) * [Docker Use Cases and Benefits](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/docker#benefits?ts=markdown) * [Docker FAQ](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/docker#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is Container Registry Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/container-registry-security?ts=markdown) * [Container Registry Security Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/container-registry-security#container-registry?ts=markdown) * [Components of Container Registry Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/container-registry-security#components?ts=markdown) * [Promoting Image and Artifact Integrity in CI/CD](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/container-registry-security#artifact-integrity?ts=markdown) * [At-a-Glance Container Registry Security Checklist](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/container-registry-security#checklist?ts=markdown) * [Container Registry FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/container-registry-security#faq?ts=markdown) * [What Is a Container?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-container?ts=markdown) * [Containers Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-container#containers?ts=markdown) * [Understanding Container Components](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-container#components?ts=markdown) * [Container Infrastructure](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-container#infrastructure?ts=markdown) * [Know Your Container Types](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-container#types?ts=markdown) * [Harnessing the Efficiency of Containerization](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-container#efficiency?ts=markdown) * [Container FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-container#faq?ts=markdown) * [What Is Containerization?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/containerization?ts=markdown) * [Why Is Containerization Important?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/containerization#why?ts=markdown) * [Containers: A Modern Contender to VMs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/containerization#containers?ts=markdown) * [To Container or Not to Container: Moving Applications to the Cloud](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/containerization#apps?ts=markdown) * [Architecture and Migration](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/containerization#architecture?ts=markdown) * [Choosing a Cloud Migration Method](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/containerization#migration?ts=markdown) * [When Micro Means Fast](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/containerization#micro?ts=markdown) * [Container FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/containerization#faq?ts=markdown) # What Is Orchestration Security? 3 min. read Table of Contents * * [Orchestration Security Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#orchestration-security?ts=markdown) * [Securing the Build Layer](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#build-layer?ts=markdown) * [Orchestration Access Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#access-security?ts=markdown) * [At-a-Glance Container Orchestration Security Checklist](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#checklist?ts=markdown) * [Container Orchestration FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#faq?ts=markdown) 1. Orchestration Security Explained * * [Orchestration Security Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#orchestration-security?ts=markdown) * [Securing the Build Layer](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#build-layer?ts=markdown) * [Orchestration Access Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#access-security?ts=markdown) * [At-a-Glance Container Orchestration Security Checklist](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#checklist?ts=markdown) * [Container Orchestration FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security#faq?ts=markdown) Orchestration security refers to the measures taken to protect [container orchestration systems](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-orchestration?ts=markdown), such as [Kubernetes](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-kubernetes?ts=markdown), from potential threats and vulnerabilities. As [container](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-security?ts=markdown) orchestration automates the deployment, management, and scaling of containerized applications, ensuring the security of these systems is critical to maintain the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of applications and data. Orchestration security encompasses access control, network segmentation, secure communication, and monitoring. ## Orchestration Security Explained Addressing orchestration security begins with the first overarching layer of a Kubernetes-based environment --- the build layer, the set of tools developers use to build code that will run in a Kubernetes environment. Although these tools aren't directly part of Kubernetes, ensuring the [security of the code](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-code-security?ts=markdown) running on a Kubernetes cluster is prerequisite to safeguarding all aspects of the platform. ## Securing the Build Layer ### Automated Scanning of IaC and YAML Files Most Kubernetes [application build and deployment pipelines](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-the-ci-cd-pipeline-and-ci-cd-security?ts=markdown) rely on automated, policy-based configuration management in the form of [infrastructure as code (IaC)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-iac?ts=markdown) and YAML files. These approaches let Kubernetes administrators write code to define how a cluster (and the infrastructure that hosts it) should be configured and then apply that code automatically. In addition to streamlining the process of provisioning a Kubernetes environment, configuration management tools offer an opportunity to scan configuration files for security problems before they're applied. Tools like Cortex Cloud can do this automatically by comparing your IaC and YAML files to those known to be secure. Some solutions integrate directly with your source code management system, such as GitHub or GitLab, making it easy to build a fully automated process for securing Kubernetes configuration files that works with existing build pipelines. ### Security Policies in Kubernetes Orchestration environments involve numerous security settings and configurations at the application, network, and infrastructure levels. These settings play a significant role in determining the security posture of these environments. Hunting for vulnerabilities and misconfigurations to exploit, attackers look for hardening flaws, such as: * Systems running outdated versions * Systems with overly permissive network access controls * Self-hosted systems with administrative permissions on the underlying OS * Poor credential hygiene Policies that drive [security control of container applications](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-security?ts=markdown) in Kubernetes need to account for various areas of risk prevention --- access control, [network traffic isolation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-network-security?ts=markdown), [runtime security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/runtime-security?ts=markdown), [image validation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/container-registry-security?ts=markdown), monitoring, etc. Orchestration security necessitates that we ensure the proper execution of these risk prevention measures via policy checks. Solutions like Checkov, KubeLinter, Falco, Cortex Cloud, and Terrascan can scan using compliance checks verification. Examples of checks you can perform include: * Avoid Running Privileged Containers * CAP\_SYS\_ADMIN Capability Not Restricted * CPU Limits Not Configured * Container Configured to Allow Privilege Escalation * Container Configured to Run as Root User * Container Configured to Use the Default Set of Capabilities * Container Configured with Custom SELinux Options * Container Configured with Custom Hosts * Container Could Run Using Outdated Docker Image Performing these checks helps harden configurations, minimize potential attack surfaces, and maintain system stability. ## Orchestration Access Security Container orchestration security involves implementing proper access control measures to mitigate risks from over-privileged accounts, network attacks, and unauthorized lateral movement. By using [identity access management (IAM)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-and-access-management?ts=markdown) and a [least-privileged access model](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-least-privilege-access?ts=markdown) with allowlisted Docker and Kubernetes actions, security and infrastructure teams can limit users' commands based on their roles. The goal is to restrict direct access to Kubernetes nodes while providing the minimum necessary privileges to authorized users. [Cloud infrastructure entitlement management (CIEM)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-ciem?ts=markdown) solutions enable securing cloud resources by establishing least-privileged access. IAM for cloud infrastructure controls actions on specific resources. Defining roles and permissions using the least privilege principle is challenging, especially in public and multicloud environments. Challenges include managing numerous machine identities, understanding users' entitlements, and unique IAM policy models across cloud service providers (CSPs). Controlling access and assigning correct net-effective permissions are crucial for preventing unnecessary access to container environments. Cortex Cloud calculates users' effective permissions, detects overly permissive access, and suggests corrections for [least privilege](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-least-privilege-access?ts=markdown) entitlements across AWS, Azure, and GCP. By leveraging CIEM policies, administrators can detect public exposure, wildcards, and risky permissions. CIEM platforms help remove unnecessary access by detecting overly permissive policies and suggesting rightsizing for least privilege entitlements. With Resource Query Language (RQL), admins can query IAM entities and their relationships and effective permissions across cloud environments. Examples: * Which users have access to resource X? * What accounts, services and resources do the user [name@domain.com](mailto:name@domain.com) have access to? * Can any user outside of group C access resources in region D? Various IAM solution providers like OKTA, Auth0, PingID, Avatier, My1Login, and SecureAuth can help maintain authentication, authorization, and access (AAA) levels. These solutions support centralized access control and compliance with company NetSec requirements. Authentication mechanisms include single sign-on (SSO) and [multifactor authentication (MFA)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-multi-factor-authentication?ts=markdown). Many CIEM solutions --- like Cortex Cloud, for example --- can integrate with identity providers (IdP) to ingest SSO data. Correlating this data with cloud identities, such as [IAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-and-access-management?ts=markdown) users and machine identities, allows for viewing a user's effective permissions or detecting overly permissive roles. Additionally, organizations should protect pod-to-pod communications, prevent lateral movement, and secure frontend and backend services. Address key areas of concern using role-based access control and [Kubernetes security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security?ts=markdown) contexts to define least-privileged access for pods and containers and maintain restricted access to resource orchestration. ### Kubernetes Security Contexts When designing containers and pods, configuring the security context for pods, containers, and volumes is crucial. This includes settings like running as a non-root user, controlling Linux capabilities, and setting read-only root filesystems. Security contexts in Kubernetes define the security parameters for pods, containers, and volumes. Configure security contexts in your deployment YAML files to control security settings, such as running containers as non-root users, limiting Linux capabilities, and enforcing read-only root filesystems. Use PodSecurityPolicies to enforce security context settings cluster-wide and prevent the creation of non-compliant workloads. #### Key Security Context Practices When designing your containers and pods, make sure you configure the security context for your pods, containers, and volumes. Your security context is defined in the deployment yaml, which will dictate the security parameters assigned to the pods, [containers](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-security?ts=markdown), and volumes. |--------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | **Security Context Setting** | **Description** | | SecurityContext -\> runAsNonRoot | Indicates that containers should run as non-root user | | SecurityContext -\> Capabilities | Controls the Linux capabilities assigned to the container. | | SecurityContext -\> readOnlyRootFilesystem | Controls whether a container will be able to write into the root filesystem. | | PodSecurityContext -\> runAsNonRoot | Prevents running a container with 'root' user as part of the pod | Table 5: Sample key parameters of security context settings If you're running containers with elevated privileges (i.e., privileged), you should consider using the "DenyEscalatingExec" admission control. This control denies exec and attach commands to pods that run with escalated privileges allowing host access --- including pods that run as privileged, have access to the host IPC namespace, and have access to the host PID namespace. ### Encrypt Your Secrets Hard-coded credentials in SCM repositories pose a significant risk, as they can be accessed by anyone with read permissions. [Insufficient credential hygiene, an OWASP Top 10 CI/CD security risk](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/insufficient-credential-hygiene-cicd-sec6?ts=markdown), involves inadequate management and protection of [CI/CD pipeline](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-the-ci-cd-pipeline-and-ci-cd-security?ts=markdown) credentials, making systems vulnerable to attacks. To protect secrets like passwords, API keys, and database credentials, encrypt them at rest and in transit. Use secrets management tools like HashiCorp Vault, CyberArk, or AWS Secrets Manager to securely store and control access to secrets. Implement secure credential storage, credential rotation, least-privileged access, and audit logging to minimize risks. #### Key Recommendations * Continuously map and review credentials across engineering systems, ensuring least privilege and limited permissions. * Avoid sharing credentials across multiple contexts, and prefer temporary credentials over static ones. * Periodically rotate static credentials and detect stale ones. * Configure credentials for specific conditions, such as source IPs or identities, to limit unauthorized usage. * Detect secrets in code repositories with IDE plugins, automatic scanning, and periodic repository scans. * Scope secrets in CI/CD systems to provide pipelines and steps with minimal required access. * Prevent secrets from being printed in console outputs and remove them from artifacts like container images, binaries, and Helm charts. ## At-a-Glance Container Orchestration Security Checklist * Scan IaC and YAML files for security issues * Implement security policies in Kubernetes * Enforce orchestration access security * Utilize a CIEM solution to ensure least-privileged access * Configure Kubernetes security contexts * Apply PodSecurityPolicies * Use "DenyEscalatingExec" admission control * Encrypt secrets at rest and in transit * Adopt secrets management tools * Establish secure credential storage and rotation ## Container Orchestration FAQs ### What are network policies? Network policies in Kubernetes are specifications of how groups of pods can communicate with each other and other network endpoints. They act as a firewall for pods, defining rules that govern ingress and egress traffic at the pod level. Network policies, particularly important in multitenant environments, enforce a secure network posture within a Kubernetes cluster, as they limit connections to only those that are necessary, reducing the attack surface. ### What are Pod Security Policies (PSP)? Pod Security Policies (PSP) in Kubernetes are cluster-level resources that control security-sensitive aspects of pod specification. Helping to maintain a strong security posture in Kubernetes environments, PSPs define a set of conditions that pods must meet to be accepted into the system. These policies enforce best practices, such as running containers as non-root users, disallowing privilege escalation, and controlling access to host filesystems and networks. ### What is secrets management? Secrets management involves the secure handling, storage, and access control of digital authentication credentials, such as passwords, keys, and tokens. In cloud environments, secrets management is critical for protecting access to applications, services, and IT resources. Effective secrets management solutions encrypt secrets, control access through strict policies, and provide mechanisms for rotating and revoking secrets. ### What is Mutual TLS (mTLS)? Mutual TLS (mTLS) is an extension of TLS (Transport Layer Security) where both the client and the server authenticate each other. mTLS is widely used in microservices architectures to secure communication between services, ensuring that both parties are authenticated and authorized to communicate. ### What are admission controllers? Admission controllers in Kubernetes are plugins that intercept requests to the Kubernetes API server prior to persistence of the object but after the request is authenticated and authorized. Governing and enforcing policies on the cluster, admission controllers can modify or reject requests to enforce custom admission policies, ensuring that only compliant objects are allowed. ### What is API server authentication? API server authentication in Kubernetes involves verifying the identity of entities (users, pods, or services) that are interacting with the Kubernetes API server. This process ensures that only authenticated entities can access the cluster's API. Various methods, such as client certificates, bearer tokens, and external authentication providers (like OpenID Connect), are used for authentication. API server authentication helps prevent unauthorized access and enables fine-grained access control within the Kubernetes environment. ### What is API server authorization? API server authorization in Kubernetes determines whether a specific authenticated entity (user or service) has the right to perform an action on a particular resource within the cluster. It occurs after successful authentication and involves evaluating the entity's permissions based on predefined policies. Kubernetes supports several authorization modes, including [role-based access control (RBAC)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-rbac?ts=markdown), attribute-based access control (ABAC), and node authorization. These mechanisms ensure that entities can only perform actions they're explicitly permitted to. ### What is node authorization? Node authorization in Kubernetes is a special-purpose authorization mode that specifically determines if a kubelet (the agent running on each node) can perform API actions. This mode authorizes API requests made by kubelets, ensuring they have the necessary permissions to read and modify resources required for managing pods and containers on their nodes. ### What is kubelet authentication? Kubelet authentication in Kubernetes involves verifying the identity of the kubelet, the primary node agent, when it communicates with the API server. The process ensures that the kubelet is a trusted component of the cluster, authorized to interact with the Kubernetes API. Authentication methods include client certificates and webhook token authentication. Effective kubelet authentication works to secure node-to-master communication, preventing unauthorized nodes from joining the cluster or accessing sensitive data. ### What is kubelet authorization? Kubelet authorization in Kubernetes controls the actions that kubelets are permitted to perform on the API server --- particularly actions performed on behalf of pods, such as reading secrets or manipulating workloads. After a kubelet's identity is authenticated, the authorization process determines if it has the necessary permissions to carry out specific API requests. Kubelet authorization ensures that nodes operate within their defined roles and permissions, enhancing the overall security of the Kubernetes cluster. ### What is etcd encryption? Etcd encryption is the process of encoding data stored in etcd, Kubernetes' key-value store, to protect it from unauthorized access. Etcd encryption secures sensitive data, including secrets, tokens, and configuration details, ensuring that even if etcd data is compromised, it remains unreadable without the proper decryption key. Encrypting etcd data is a critical security measure for clusters handling sensitive or regulated data. It adds a layer of defense, safeguarding against data breaches and enhancing the overall [security posture of Kubernetes environments](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm?ts=markdown). ### What is etcd backup and recovery? Etcd backup and recovery involve creating backups of the etcd database, which stores all Kubernetes cluster state and metadata, and restoring from them if necessary. Regular backups ensure that in case of data corruption, accidental deletions, or catastrophic failures, the cluster state can be recovered. A robust backup strategy includes frequent snapshots and secure, offsite storage of backup data. Recovery processes must be tested and reliable, ensuring minimal downtime and data loss in emergency scenarios. Effective etcd backup and recovery practices are essential for maintaining the resilience and integrity of Kubernetes clusters. ### What is container runtime security? Given their access to the host system and application data, runtime environments are common targets for attacks. Container runtime security involves securing the container runtime environment, the layer where containers are executed. This includes protecting the runtime against vulnerabilities, unauthorized access, and malicious activities. Key aspects include ensuring only trusted containers run, enforcing least-privileged access, monitoring runtime activity, and isolating containers to prevent lateral movement in case of a compromise. ### What is audit logging? Audit logging involves recording and maintaining logs of system activities to provide a trail of events, such as user actions, system changes, and access attempts, all of which serve security monitoring, compliance, and forensic analysis. Audit logs help in detecting suspicious activities, understanding the impact of incidents, and tracing the root cause of issues. Effective audit logging requires comprehensive coverage, secure log storage, and efficient log management practices to ensure logs are accessible and useful for security and operational purposes. ### What is secure image management? Secure image management involves measures for securely handling container images, such as scanning images for vulnerabilities, signing images to verify their integrity, managing image lifecycles, and enforcing policies for image storage and distribution. A critical component of [container security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-container-security), secure image management ensures that container images are free from known vulnerabilities, unauthorized changes, and comply with security standards. ### What is ingress security? Ingress security involves [protecting the entry points into a network](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-network-security), specifically in Kubernetes, where it manages external access to services within a cluster. It includes implementing rules and policies to control incoming traffic, ensuring only authorized and validated requests reach the cluster's applications. Ingress security often integrates SSL/TLS encryption, authentication mechanisms, and rate limiting to safeguard against unauthorized access and attacks like DDoS. ### What is cluster network isolation? Cluster network isolation in Kubernetes is the practice of restricting the communication between pods across different parts of the cluster. It involves segmenting the network to control which pods can communicate with each other, enhancing security by limiting the potential impact of a compromised pod. Network isolation is achieved using network policies that define allowed ingress and egress traffic between pods. ### What is namespace isolation? Namespace isolation in Kubernetes involves segregating resources within different namespaces to provide a level of isolation between them. Each namespace serves as a virtual cluster, with resources and access controls applied independently. Namespace isolation is used to separate environments --- development, staging, and production, for instance. Other uses include managing resource quotas and restricting access to resources within a cluster. It's an effective way to organize and secure cluster resources in multitenant environments. ### What is control plane security? Control plane security in Kubernetes refers to protecting the components responsible for managing cluster state and configuration, such as the API server, etcd, controller manager, and scheduler. Routine measures involve securing communication channels, authenticating and authorizing access to the control plane, encrypting sensitive data, and monitoring for malicious activities. Compromising the control plane can lead to cluster-wide security breaches, making its protection a top priority in [cloud security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-cloud-security) strategies. Related Content [The Definitive Guide to Container Security Securing your containerized applications is a critical component of maintaining the integrity, confidentiality and availability of your cloud services.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/ebooks/container-security-definitive-guide?ts=markdown) [Kubernetes Privilege Escalation: Excessive Permissions in Popular Platforms To understand the impact of excessive permissions, we analyzed popular Kubernetes platforms --- distributions, managed services, and common add-ons --- to identify infrastructure compo...](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/whitepapers/kubernetes-privilege-escalation-excessive-permissions-in-popular-platforms?ts=markdown) [Container Security 101 Understanding the Basics of Securing Containers breaks down what organizations need to know to protect against breaches, malware, and malicious actors.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/guides/prisma-container-security101?ts=markdown) [Guide to Operationalizing Your IaC Security Program Infrastructure as code (IaC) plays a key role in containerized applications. Get a step-by-step plan to help you choose your IaC security path based on your needs, operationalize a...](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/whitepapers/guide-to-operationalizing-your-iac-security-program?ts=markdown) ![Share page on facebook](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/facebook-circular-icon.svg) ![Share page on linkedin](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/linkedin-circular-icon.svg) [![Share page by an email](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/email-circular-icon.svg)](mailto:?subject=What%20Is%20Orchestration%20Security%3F&body=Secure%20container%20orchestration%20systems%20with%20our%20comprehensive%20guide%2C%20covering%20access%20control%2C%20network%20segmentation%2C%20and%20monitoring%20for%20optimal%20protection.%20at%20https%3A//www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-orchestration-security) Back to Top [Previous](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/kubernetes-security-posture-management-kspm?ts=markdown) What Is Kubernetes Security Posture Management (KSPM)? 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