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Defense](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-ip-defense?ts=markdown) * [Quantum Safe Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/quantum-safe-security?ts=markdown) * [Next-Gen Trust Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/next-gen-trust-security?ts=markdown) SASE [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/prisma-sase-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown) [Secure Access (SASE)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Access (ZTNA)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/access?ts=markdown) * [SD-WAN](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/sd-wan?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Browser](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/prisma-browser?ts=markdown) * [SaaS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/saas-security?ts=markdown) * [Enterprise DLP](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/enterprise-data-loss-prevention?ts=markdown) Security Operations [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/cortex-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown) [Security Operations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown) * [AI-Driven SOC](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsiam?ts=markdown) * [Extended Detection \& Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xdr?ts=markdown) * [Security Orchestration \& Automation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsoar?ts=markdown) * [Attack Surface Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xpanse?ts=markdown) * [Exposure Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/exposure-management?ts=markdown) * [Email Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/advanced-email-security?ts=markdown) * [Threat Intelligence Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/threat-intel-management?ts=markdown) * [Agentic-first Automation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/agentix?ts=markdown) * [Identity Threat Detection and Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/itdr?ts=markdown) [Endpoint Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/endpoint-protection?ts=markdown) * [Endpoint Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/endpoint-protection?ts=markdown) * [Agentic Endpoint Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/agentic-endpoint-security?ts=markdown) * [Ransomware Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/ransomware-protection?ts=markdown) * [Digital Forensics](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/digital-forensics?ts=markdown) [Data Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/data-security?ts=markdown) Cloud Security [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/cortex-cloud-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown) [Application Security Overview](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/application-security?ts=markdown) * [Application Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/application-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) * [Software Supply Chain Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/software-supply-chain-security?ts=markdown) * [Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/infrastructure-as-code-security?ts=markdown) * [Software Composition Analysis](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/software-composition-analysis?ts=markdown) * [Secrets Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/secrets-security?ts=markdown) * [Open Partner Ecosystem](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/appsec-partner-ecosystem?ts=markdown) [Cloud Posture Security Overview](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-posture-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-infrastructure-entitlement-management?ts=markdown) * [Data Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/data-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) * [AI Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/ai-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) * [Vulnerability Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/vulnerability-management?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Attack Surface Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/attack-surface-management?ts=markdown) [Cloud Runtime Security Overview](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/runtime-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Detection and Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud-detection-and-response?ts=markdown) * [Container \& Kubernetes Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/kubernetes-and-container-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Workload Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-workload-protection?ts=markdown) * [API Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/api-security?ts=markdown) * [Serverless Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/serverless-security?ts=markdown) Observability ^NEW^ [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cortex/xcor/cortex-xcor-logo-nav-2.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor?ts=markdown) Observability \& Remediation * [AI-Driven Observability](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/ai-driven-observability?ts=markdown) * [Distributed Tracing](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/distributed-tracing?ts=markdown) * [Log Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/log-management?ts=markdown) * [Metrics Monitoring](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/metrics-monitoring?ts=markdown) Identity Security [![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/idira-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira?ts=markdown) [Human Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human?ts=markdown) * [Modern PAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/privileged-access-management?ts=markdown) * [Identity and Access Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/identity-and-access-management?ts=markdown) * [Endpoint Privilege Manager](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/endpoint-privilege-manager?ts=markdown) * [Identity Governance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/identity-governance?ts=markdown) * [Workforce Password Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/workforce-password-management?ts=markdown) * [Vendor Privileged Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/vendor-privileged-access?ts=markdown) [Machine Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine?ts=markdown) * [Secrets Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/secrets-management?ts=markdown) * [Unified Secrets Governance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/unified-secrets-governance?ts=markdown) * [Application Credentials Delivery](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/application-credentials-delivery?ts=markdown) [Agentic Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/agentic?ts=markdown) [See All Products](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/products-a-z?ts=markdown) * [![Overview icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/logo-default-orange.svg) Overview](#products-panel-0) * [![AI Security icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-prisma-blue.svg) AI Security](#products-panel-1) * [![Network Security 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tools](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/prisma-airs?ts=markdown) [![Network Security icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/strata-logo-nav.svg) Network Security AI-powered NetSec with next-gen firewalls, inline defense and unified management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security?ts=markdown) [![Security Operations icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/cortex-logo-nav.svg) Security Operations Stop cyberattackers with the industry's premier platform for autonomous security operations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown) [![Observability \& Remediation NEW icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cortex/xcor/cortex-xcor-logo-nav-2.svg) Observability \& Remediation ^NEW^ Prevent downtime with the AI-driven platform that delivers autonomous remediation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor?ts=markdown) [![SASE icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/prisma-sase-logo-nav.svg) SASE Protect with AI, secure AI use and operate with AI using agentic Prisma SASE](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown) [![Identity Security icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/idira-logo-nav.svg) Identity Security Identity security platform to secure every identity: human, machine and agentic](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira?ts=markdown) [![Cloud Security icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/cortex-cloud-logo-nav.svg) Cloud Security Prevent risks from code to cloud with the leading agentic cloud security platform](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown) [![AI Security logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/prisma-AIRS-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/prisma-airs?ts=markdown) [AI Security Platform](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/prisma-airs?ts=markdown) * [AI Gateway](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/ai-gateway?ts=markdown) * [AI Supply Chain Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/ai-supply-chain-security?ts=markdown) * [AI Red Teaming](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/ai-red-teaming?ts=markdown) * [AI Runtime Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/ai-runtime-security?ts=markdown) * [Agent Identity Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security/agent-identity-security?ts=markdown) * [AI Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/cloud/ai-spm?ts=markdown) * [Agentic Endpoint Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/agentic-endpoint-security?ts=markdown) Secure GenAI Tools * [Prisma Browser](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/prisma-browser?ts=markdown) [![Network Security logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/strata-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security?ts=markdown) [Secure the Network](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/next-generation-firewall?ts=markdown) * [Hardware Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/hardware-firewall-innovations?ts=markdown) * [Software Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/software-firewalls?ts=markdown) * [Strata Cloud Manager](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/strata-cloud-manager?ts=markdown) * [OT / Industrial Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/ot-security-solution?ts=markdown) * [Device \& IoT Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/device-security?ts=markdown) * [5G Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/5g-security?ts=markdown) * [Managed Firewalls - Azure](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/cloud-ngfw-for-azure?ts=markdown) * [Managed Firewalls - AWS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/cloud-ngfw?ts=markdown) [Cloud-Delivered Security Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/security-subscriptions?ts=markdown) * [Advanced Threat Prevention](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-threat-prevention?ts=markdown) * [Advanced URL Filtering](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-url-filtering?ts=markdown) * [Advanced WildFire](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-wildfire?ts=markdown) * [Advanced DNS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-dns-security?ts=markdown) * [Advanced IP Defense](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-ip-defense?ts=markdown) * [Quantum Safe Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/quantum-safe-security?ts=markdown) * [Next-Gen Trust Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/next-gen-trust-security?ts=markdown) [![SASE logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/prisma-sase-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown) [Secure Access (SASE)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Access (ZTNA)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/access?ts=markdown) * [SD-WAN](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/sd-wan?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Browser](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/prisma-browser?ts=markdown) * [SaaS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/saas-security?ts=markdown) * [Enterprise DLP](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/enterprise-data-loss-prevention?ts=markdown) [![Security Operations logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/cortex-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown) [Security Operations](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown) * [AI-Driven SOC](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsiam?ts=markdown) * [Extended Detection \& Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xdr?ts=markdown) * [Security Orchestration \& Automation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsoar?ts=markdown) * [Attack Surface Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xpanse?ts=markdown) * [Exposure Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/exposure-management?ts=markdown) * [Email Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/advanced-email-security?ts=markdown) * [Threat Intelligence Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/threat-intel-management?ts=markdown) * [Agentic-first Automation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/agentix?ts=markdown) * [Identity Threat Detection and Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/itdr?ts=markdown) [Endpoint Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/endpoint-protection?ts=markdown) * [Endpoint Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/endpoint-protection?ts=markdown) * [Agentic Endpoint Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/agentic-endpoint-security?ts=markdown) * [Ransomware Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/ransomware-protection?ts=markdown) * [Digital Forensics](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/digital-forensics?ts=markdown) [Data Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/data-security?ts=markdown) [![Cloud Security logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/cortex-cloud-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown) [Application Security Overview](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/application-security?ts=markdown) * [Application Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/application-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) * [Software Supply Chain Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/software-supply-chain-security?ts=markdown) * [Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/infrastructure-as-code-security?ts=markdown) * [Software Composition Analysis](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/software-composition-analysis?ts=markdown) * [Secrets Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/secrets-security?ts=markdown) * [Open Partner Ecosystem](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/appsec-partner-ecosystem?ts=markdown) [Cloud Posture Security Overview](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-posture-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-infrastructure-entitlement-management?ts=markdown) * [Data Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/data-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) * [AI Security Posture Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/ai-security-posture-management?ts=markdown) * [Vulnerability Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/vulnerability-management?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Attack Surface Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/attack-surface-management?ts=markdown) [Cloud Runtime Security Overview](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/runtime-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Detection and Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud-detection-and-response?ts=markdown) * [Container \& Kubernetes Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/kubernetes-and-container-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Workload Protection](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-workload-protection?ts=markdown) * [API Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/api-security?ts=markdown) * [Serverless Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/serverless-security?ts=markdown) [![Observability NEW logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cortex/xcor/cortex-xcor-logo-nav-2.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor?ts=markdown) Observability \& Remediation * [AI-Driven Observability](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/ai-driven-observability?ts=markdown) * [Distributed Tracing](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/distributed-tracing?ts=markdown) * [Log Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/log-management?ts=markdown) * [Metrics Monitoring](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/xcor/metrics-monitoring?ts=markdown) [![Identity Security logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/logos/nav/idira-logo-nav.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira?ts=markdown) [Human Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human?ts=markdown) * [Modern PAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/privileged-access-management?ts=markdown) * [Identity and Access Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/identity-and-access-management?ts=markdown) * [Endpoint Privilege Manager](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/endpoint-privilege-manager?ts=markdown) * [Identity Governance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/identity-governance?ts=markdown) * [Workforce Password Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/workforce-password-management?ts=markdown) * [Vendor Privileged Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/vendor-privileged-access?ts=markdown) [Machine Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine?ts=markdown) * [Secrets Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/secrets-management?ts=markdown) * [Unified Secrets Governance](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/unified-secrets-governance?ts=markdown) * [Application Credentials Delivery](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/machine/application-credentials-delivery?ts=markdown) [Agentic Identities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/agentic?ts=markdown) * Solutions Solutions By Use Case [![Drive AI Transformation icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/ai-page/teaser-block/teaser-icon-2.svg) Drive AI Transformation Scale enterprise AI adoption across employees, applications and agents with confidence and control](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-security?ts=markdown) [![Accelerate Cloud Transformation icon](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/icon-cortex.svg) Accelerate Cloud Transformation Build fast and innovate fearlessly with AI-driven protection from code to 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[Zero Standing Privileges](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges?ts=markdown) Table of Contents * [What Is Privileged Access Management (PAM)?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management?ts=markdown) * [Privileged Access Management Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management#privileged?ts=markdown) * [Why PAM Is Critical Today](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management#why?ts=markdown) * [How PAM Works](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management#how?ts=markdown) * [Core Pillars of Modern PAM Strategy](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management#core?ts=markdown) * [Examples of Privileged Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management#examples?ts=markdown) * [PAM Best Practices](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management#pam?ts=markdown) * [Common PAM Challenges and How to Solve Them](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management#common?ts=markdown) * [Use Cases \& Real-World Scenarios](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management#scenarios?ts=markdown) * [Emerging Trends: Where PAM Is Going](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management#emerging?ts=markdown) * [Privileged Access Management FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is Third Party Access? Common Mistakes \& Best Practices](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-third-party-access?ts=markdown) * [Third-Party Access Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-third-party-access#explained?ts=markdown) * [How Third-Party Access Is Exploited](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-third-party-access#how?ts=markdown) * [Types of Third-Party Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-third-party-access#types?ts=markdown) * [Third-Party Access vs. Vendor Risk Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-third-party-access#vs?ts=markdown) * [Use Cases \& Real-World Examples](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-third-party-access#examples?ts=markdown) * [Best Practices for Securing Third-Party Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-third-party-access#best?ts=markdown) * [Third-Party Access Policy Checklist](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-third-party-access#checklist?ts=markdown) * [Common Mistakes to Avoid](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-third-party-access#common?ts=markdown) * [Third-Party Access FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-third-party-access#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is Cloud Identity Security?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-identity-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Identity Security Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-identity-security#explain?ts=markdown) * [Why Cloud Identity Security Matters Now](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-identity-security#why?ts=markdown) * [Use Cases \& Real-World Examples](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-identity-security#use?ts=markdown) * [Core Components of a Strong Cloud Identity Framework](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-identity-security#core?ts=markdown) * [How Cloud Identity Security Works](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-identity-security#works?ts=markdown) * [What are Common Governance Challenges?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-identity-security#what?ts=markdown) * [Benefits of Cloud Identity Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-identity-security#benefits?ts=markdown) * [Best Practices for Hardening Cloud Identity](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-identity-security#best?ts=markdown) * [How Cloud Identity Security Supports Zero Trust](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-identity-security#trust?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Identity Security FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-cloud-identity-security#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is Defense-in-Depth?: A Layered Cybersecurity Strategy](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-defense-in-depth?ts=markdown) * [Defense-in-Depth Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-defense-in-depth#explained?ts=markdown) * [Key Data: Threats \& Trends](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-defense-in-depth#key?ts=markdown) * [The Core Architectural Components of Defense-in-Depth](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-defense-in-depth#core?ts=markdown) * [Defense-in-Depth in the Modern Cloud and Identity Landscape](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-defense-in-depth#landscape?ts=markdown) * [Disrupting the Attack Lifecycle: Defense-in-Depth and Lateral Movement](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-defense-in-depth#disrupting?ts=markdown) * [Defense-in-Depth versus Zero Trust Architecture](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-defense-in-depth#architecture?ts=markdown) * [Best Practices for Implementing a Layered Security Model](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-defense-in-depth#best?ts=markdown) * [Defense-in-Depth FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-defense-in-depth#faqs?ts=markdown) * Zero Standing Privileges: Protecting Enterprise Access Control * [Zero Standing Privileges Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#zero?ts=markdown) * [ZSP and Other Access Models](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#vs?ts=markdown) * [The Critical Risk of Standing Privileges](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#privileges?ts=markdown) * [Key Benefits of Adopting ZSP](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#key?ts=markdown) * [A Practical Roadmap for ZSP Implementation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#practical?ts=markdown) * [Zero Standing Privileges FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is Just-In-Time Access?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-just-in-time-access-jit?ts=markdown) * [Just-in-Time Access Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-just-in-time-access-jit#explained?ts=markdown) * [Key Data: Threats and Trends](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-just-in-time-access-jit#key?ts=markdown) * [Types of Just-in-Time Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-just-in-time-access-jit#types?ts=markdown) * [How Just-in-Time Access Works (Conceptual Flow)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-just-in-time-access-jit#how?ts=markdown) * [Key Components and Capabilities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-just-in-time-access-jit#components?ts=markdown) * [Key Steps to Implementing Just-in-Time Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-just-in-time-access-jit#steps?ts=markdown) * [Common Risks and Implementation Challenges](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-just-in-time-access-jit#risks?ts=markdown) * [Just-in-Time Access in a Zero Trust and Modern Security Architecture](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-just-in-time-access-jit#architecture?ts=markdown) * [Just-in-Time Access FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-just-in-time-access-jit#architecture?ts=markdown) * [Shared Local Admin Credentials: A Critical Risk](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-are-shared-local-admin-credentials?ts=markdown) * [Shared Local Admin Credentials Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-are-shared-local-admin-credentials#shared?ts=markdown) * [Why Shared Local Admin Credentials Are a Critical Risk](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-are-shared-local-admin-credentials#why?ts=markdown) * [How Attackers Exploit Shared Credentials (The Kill Chain)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-are-shared-local-admin-credentials#how?ts=markdown) * [Critical Statistics: The Impact of Credential Reuse](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-are-shared-local-admin-credentials#critical?ts=markdown) * [How to Prevent Shared Credential Vulnerabilities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-are-shared-local-admin-credentials#prevent?ts=markdown) * [Common Challenges in Remediation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-are-shared-local-admin-credentials#common?ts=markdown) * [Detecting Shared Credential Abuse](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-are-shared-local-admin-credentials#detecting?ts=markdown) * [Shared Local Admin Credentials FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-are-shared-local-admin-credentials#faqs?ts=markdown) * [What Is Least Privilege Access?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-least-privilege-access?ts=markdown) * [Least Privilege Access, Defined](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-least-privilege-access#definition?ts=markdown) * [Benefits of Least Privilege](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-least-privilege-access#benefits?ts=markdown) * [Example of Least Privilege Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-least-privilege-access#example?ts=markdown) * [Least Privilege vs. Zero Trust](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-least-privilege-access#vs?ts=markdown) * [Managing Least Privilege Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-least-privilege-access#manage?ts=markdown) * [Least Privilege Access FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-least-privilege-access#faqs?ts=markdown) # What Is Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP)? 3 min. read [Explore IDIRA](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira?ts=markdown) [Request Demo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/request-demo?ts=markdown) Table of Contents * * [Zero Standing Privileges Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#zero?ts=markdown) * [ZSP and Other Access Models](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#vs?ts=markdown) * [The Critical Risk of Standing Privileges](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#privileges?ts=markdown) * [Key Benefits of Adopting ZSP](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#key?ts=markdown) * [A Practical Roadmap for ZSP Implementation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#practical?ts=markdown) * [Zero Standing Privileges FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#faqs?ts=markdown) 1. Zero Standing Privileges Explained * * [Zero Standing Privileges Explained](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#zero?ts=markdown) * [ZSP and Other Access Models](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#vs?ts=markdown) * [The Critical Risk of Standing Privileges](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#privileges?ts=markdown) * [Key Benefits of Adopting ZSP](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#key?ts=markdown) * [A Practical Roadmap for ZSP Implementation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#practical?ts=markdown) * [Zero Standing Privileges FAQs](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/zero-standing-privileges#faqs?ts=markdown) Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP) is an advanced [identity security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-security?ts=markdown) principle that mandates eliminating all permanent (standing) access rights for every identity, human or machine, within an organization's environment. ZSP achieves an actual zero-trust state by ensuring that all privileges are revoked immediately after use, dynamically creating or provisioning only the minimum entitlements necessary for a specific task and a limited timeframe. This paradigm shift shifts access control from a fixed, role-based model to a context-aware, and Just-in-Time (JIT), significantly reducing the threat attack surface. Key Points * **Zero Access by Default**: Every user, account, and workload starts with zero privileges; access is only granted upon verified request. \* **Next-Generation Least Privilege**: ZSP goes beyond the traditional Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP) by eliminating standing privileges, rather than merely minimizing them. \* **Dynamic Entitlements**: Access rights are not merely enabled or disabled; they are dynamically provisioned for a task and deleted upon completion or expiration. \* **Reduced Attack Surface**: Eliminating persistent privileged accounts significantly mitigates the risk of credential theft, lateral movement, and privilege escalation attacks. \* **Cloud-Native Necessity**: ZSP is particularly critical in dynamic cloud environments where identities and resources are often ephemeral and machine identities vastly outnumber human users. \* **Enforces Zero Trust**: It is the tactical, granular access-control component required to realize the strategic goal of a Zero Trust Architecture. ## Zero Standing Privileges Explained ZSP represents the ultimate goal of modern [PAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management?ts=markdown), building on foundational access models and [just-in-time access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-just-in-time-access-jit?ts=markdown). The shift is driven by the rise of complex, multi-cloud environments where traditional network perimeters are obsolete. In these fluid ecosystems, many identities, especially service accounts, DevOps teams, and developers, require high-level, temporary access to critical resources. Static, "always-on" permissions for these accounts create a massive, 24/7 security gap. ZSP addresses this by shifting the default state from minimal persistent access to no persistent access. The system does not rely on securing an existing privileged account; it creates an ephemeral security perimeter around the identity, resource, and task. This temporary, hyper-focused granting of permission(s) eliminates standing risk and makes every privileged action traceable and auditable. ## ZSP and Other Access Models Understanding ZSP requires distinguishing it from its predecessors and related security frameworks. ### ZSP and Just-in-Time (JIT) Access ZSP is a comprehensive security philosophy, while JIT is primarily a provisioning mechanism. | **Feature** | **Just-in-Time (JIT) Access** | **Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP)** | |-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | **Default State** | Minimal, pre-defined access (standing privilege exists). | Zero access (no standing privilege exists). | | **Action on Request** | Elevates or enables an existing privileged role or account for a set time. | Dynamically provisions net-new, temporary entitlements and roles. | | **Action on Expiry** | Revokes the elevation, restoring the account to its previous privileged state. | Deletes the temporary entitlements, returning the identity to a state of zero privileges. | | **Risk Reduction** | Reduces the window of access risk. | Eliminates the standing access risk. | ***Table 1**: ZSP vs Predecessors and Related Security Frameworks* ### ZSP and Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP) The [Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-the-principle-of-least-privilege?ts=markdown) is a foundational concept that states users should be granted only the minimum access required to perform their jobs, often resulting in accounts having some baseline level of standing access. ZSP is the complete, modern realization of PoLP, enforcing the principle not just in scope, but also in time, achieving zero persistent, unnecessary access. It is PoLP taken to its logical, most secure conclusion. ### ZSP and the Zero Trust Architecture Zero trust is a strategic security model based on the mantra "never trust, always verify." ZSP is a necessary component for successful zero trust implementation. You cannot achieve Zero Trust if high-risk standing privileges still exist. ZSP provides the granular identity controls needed to enforce "always verify" access across the control plane. This alignment creates a highly effective defense against modern threats. ## The Critical Risk of Standing Privileges Standing privileges are a high-value target for adversaries, representing a major exposure point that provides a necessary condition for advanced attacks. ### Lateral Movement and Privilege Escalation If an attacker compromises a non-privileged account, their immediate goal is to escalate to a privileged account. If a privileged administrator's credentials are stolen, often through [phishing](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-phishing?ts=markdown) or brute-force attacks, the standing privilege grants the attacker immediate, unrestricted access. [Traditional privileged access management (PAM)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-privileged-access-management?ts=markdown) helps, but if standing privileges exist, an attacker can move laterally across the network and access sensitive systems undetected. ### The Cloud Complexity Challenge The risk is magnified in cloud environments where entitlements are complex and interconnected across IaaS and [SaaS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-saas?ts=markdown) platforms. Even a user with an apparently non-privileged account may possess excessive or unused entitlements via nested roles. This excess access, known as "permission sprawl," is a form of standing privilege. This complexity is why solutions like[Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-ciem?ts=markdown) are essential tools for identifying and eliminating these excessive, persistent permissions to enable ZSP. ## Key Benefits of Adopting ZSP Implementing a ZSP strategy delivers quantifiable security and operational benefits across the enterprise. ### Maximized Attack Surface Reduction ZSP significantly reduces the attack surface by eliminating persistent targets that threat actors seek. When privileges exist only for a few minutes and are tied to a specific, legitimate task, a compromised credential in the wrong hands is rendered useless. This proactive approach halts [Unit 42 observed tactics](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/2025-unit-42-global-incident-response-report-social-engineering-edition/), such as credential misuse and lateral movement, at their earliest stages. ### Simplified Regulatory Compliance Global regulations, including GDPR, HIPAA, and SOX, strictly mandate the PoLP and comprehensive auditing of access to sensitive data. ZSP inherently aligns with and simplifies these requirements. By automatically granting and revoking time-bound access, ZSP generates a perfect, transparent audit trail that proves compliance without the need for complex, manual access reviews. ### Mitigation of Insider Threat Risk By forcing every privileged action to be authorized, monitored, and time-restricted, ZSP dramatically mitigates risk from both malicious and accidental insider threats. Even a trusted employee cannot use standing access to perform unauthorized actions outside the scope of their immediate, approved task. The system enforces the security policy, not human judgment. ## A Practical Roadmap for ZSP Implementation Transitioning to a true zero standing privileges model is a multi-step journey centered on moving away from persistent "always-on" permissions toward a model of dynamic, temporary elevation. ### Step 1: Discover and Map Standing Privileges The first step is gaining complete visibility into all effective permissions across the environment. You cannot eliminate what you haven't identified. This requires a comprehensive audit to map every human and machine identity against all granted entitlements. Use CIEM tools to analyze existing access policies, identify over-provisioned accounts, and pinpoint "dormant" privileges. This establishes a clean baseline where the default state for every identity is zero access. ### Step 2: Define Just-in-Time (JIT) Elevation Policies Instead of assigning permanent roles, create policy templates that define the conditions under which an identity can "blink" into existence or elevate its status. Policies must be governed by the PoLP but executed via time-bound triggers. You must define: * **The Scope**: Exactly which resources can be accessed. * **The Duration**: How long the window stays open (ideally measured in minutes or hours). * **The Context** : Requirements such as a valid IT support ticket number or [MFA](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-multi-factor-authentication?ts=markdown) verification. ### Step 3: Integrate with PAM and IAM for Orchestration To prevent ZSP from becoming a bottleneck, the elevation process must be fully automated through your [Identity and Access Management (IAM)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-identity-and-access-management?ts=markdown) and PAM stack. A request for privileged access should trigger an automated, friction-free workflow: 1. **Authentication**: Verified via your Identity Provider (IdP). 2. **Validation**: Automated policy check against the ticketing system. 3. **Dynamic Provisioning**: The system creates a temporary credential or attaches a policy to the identity in real-time. 4. **Notification**: Immediate logging and alerting for security teams. ### Step 4: Continuous Monitoring and Automated Revocation ZSP is only effective if the "cleanup" is guaranteed. Continuous monitoring ensures that sessions are tracked in real time and that no "identity sprawl" occurs after a task is finished. The system must be configured for automated and immediate revocation. Once the task is completed or the time window expires, the system must destroy the temporary credentials or detach the elevated policy. This ensures the identity instantly reverts to its zero-privileges state, effectively closing the window of exposure and leaving no standing credentials for attackers to exploit. ## Zero Standing Privileges FAQs ### What are some examples of standing privileges? Standing privileges are persistent access rights that remain active indefinitely, regardless of whether they are in use. Common examples include AWS root accounts, domain administrator accounts in Active Directory, permanent local administrator rights on a user's workstation, and service accounts with static, high-level permissions. ### Is ZSP required for Zero Trust? Yes, ZSP is functionally required for true Zero Trust. While Zero Trust is the strategic framework, ZSP is the operational security principle that enforces the "never trust, always verify" rule for privileged access. Without ZSP, the existence of always-on privileged accounts fundamentally violates the Zero Trust model. ### How does ZSP apply to machine identities? ZSP is critical for machine identities (e.g., applications, services, containers) that often need high-level access to databases or secrets. Instead of providing a long-lived API key (a standing privilege), ZSP solutions issue short-lived, dynamic tokens or certificates that expire automatically after a single transaction, minimizing the risk of a compromised secret. ### Does ZSP replace credential vaulting? No, ZSP does not fully replace credential vaulting, but it reduces the **attack surface**. ZSP aims to eliminate the need for standing credentials by using dynamic access methods. However, some foundational "break-glass" accounts (such as a cloud master key) may still need to exist and must be protected in a highly secure (PAM) vaulted environment with rigorous auditing and dual-control policies. ### What is the 'Time, Entitlements, and Approvals' (TEA) framework? The TEA framework outlines the three core pillars of a ZSP policy: Time (access is strictly limited in duration), Entitlements (access is strictly limited in scope, or Just-Enough Access), and Approvals (all access requests must be authorized before provisioning). This framework ensures context-aware, secure, and auditable access control. Related Content [Explore Just-in-Time Access See how temporary access supports least privilege and reduces standing risk.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-just-in-time-access-jit?ts=markdown) [See Customer Proof for Privilege Control Browse IDIRA customer examples tied to identity and privileged access risk reduction.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/customer-stories?ts=markdown) [Discover Privileged Access Management See how IDIRA helps eliminate unnecessary standing privileged access.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/privileged-access-management?ts=markdown) [Explore Endpoint Privilege Management Review how IDIRA helps control local endpoint privileges and reduce overpermissioning.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/idira/human/endpoint-privilege-manager?ts=markdown) ![Share page on facebook](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/resources/facebook-circular-icon.svg) ![Share page on 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